RAWBLOG Archives

July 13, 2005:  I’d be laughed out of the Court of Common Pleas if I argued that my client hadn’t identified a woman simply because, despite telling someone who her husband was, I hadn’t actually uttered her name.  And am I really supposed to believe that Rove “knew” Valerie Plame had encouraged the CIA to send her husband to Niger but didn’t know she was a covert agent?  I’ve said it before: this whole thing stinks.  Bush lies to the nation about Saddam Hussein’s efforts to get uranium from Niger, the White House outs a covert CIA agent to punish her husband (who exposed the lie), Robert Novak publishes the identity of the agent, and what’s happened?  One reporter who didn’t write such a story is in jail, and Time Magazine betrayed what little journalistic credibility it had left by turning over its reporter’s notes and giving up its anonymous source.  There’s something terribly wrong here, and if one more lawyer or law professor tells me Judith Miller deserves to be in jail and Time Magazine did the legal thing then all I can say is there’s something terribly wrong with the law.  I hope Billmon is right.  But I’m afraid Scott Rosenberg is:

 

If Democrats controlled Congress, they could perhaps make trouble for a public official caught so flat-footedly and foolishly in the machinery of a legally dubious political revenge play. But they don't. They have no leverage. And the record of the Bush White House is one of digging in heels in the face of moral culpability and ethical collapse.

Accountability is anathema to these men. No one in the Bush administration has seen fit to resign in the face of a torture scandal that has set back the war on Al-Qaeda more than any bloody battle; Donald Rumsfeld is still in charge of the military that his misbegotten strategies have begun to wreck. Alberto Gonzales, who in his service as White House counsel helped approve the legal opinions that made that torture scandal possible, was rewarded with a promotion to the Justice Department, and may well soon sit on the U.S. Supreme Court, where he can further protect American soldiers from the scourge of the Geneva Convention. Dick Cheney's escalatingly comical pronouncements on how well the war in Iraq is going have begun to achieve a Lyndon Johnson-esque width of credibility gap, but he doesn't appear fazed in the least.

President Bush explained the logic here to us all when he declared that his "accountability moment" came and went last November. Karl Rove's tactical political genius ensured the moment would come out Bush's way. Now there's no accountability at all. Unless there is hard evidence of perjury in front of a grand jury, which I doubt Rove was dumb enough to commit, I don't think [Rove] is going anywhere. The White House is his house now.

July 11, 2005:  If you wonder whether our endeavors in Iraq are a disaster, read Ed Harriman, who asks Where has all the money gone?  And read it if you haven’t wondered.

 

July 6, 2005:  My prediction is that Alberto Gonzalez will be Bush’s nominee to take O’Connor’s seat on the Supreme Court.  I base this conclusion on the right-wing objections to Gonzalez, which seem orchestrated to defang Democratic objections to Gonzalez and to portray Bush as a moderate acting reasonably to replace O’Connor’s moderation.  But no one who calls the Geneva Convention’s protections of prisoners of war “quaint” or who so blithely condemns people to death could be deemed a moderate (much less a supporter of our troops).  Nevertheless, I’ll bet too that the Democrats will fold and the Republicans will not have to “go nuclear” and do away with the filibuster to get Gonzalez confirmed. 

 

June 30, 2005:  Read Tony Judt: “[T]he well-being of the United States of America is of inestimable importance to the health of the whole world. If the US hollows out, and becomes a vast military shell without democratic soul or substance, no good can come of it. Only the US can do the world's heavy humanitarian lifting (often quite literally). We have already seen what happens when Washington merely drags its feet, as it did in Rwanda and is doing over Darfur today. If the US ceases to be credible as a force for good, the world will not come to a stop. Others will still protest and undertake good works in the hope of American support. But the world will become that much safer for tyrants and crooks—at home and abroad.”

 

June 21, 2005:  It’s not just un-American and immoral: “For the purpose of prying actionable information from suspects, torture is essentially useless.

 

June 20, 2005:  Senator Barack Obama’s commencement address at Knox College.

 

What’s really behind the fundamentalist Christian opposition to gay marriage?  A conviction that homosexuality is a disease in a literal sense, “one that afflicts not only individuals but also society at large and that shares one of the prominent features of a disease: it seeks to spread itself.”  Not only is this a fallacious confusion of a metaphor with the reality it seeks to describe, it betrays such a cramped and ignorant view of human sexuality that it’s bound to end in disaster.  And Andrew Sullivan notices that “arguments about gays - that they are diseased, and spread literal and figurative poison throughout society - . . . were once echoed almost exactly by the most vicious anti-Semites against Jews.” 

 

June 3, 2005: From Billmon:

 

What the health of the Republic requires, in other words, may not be a new crop of leakers and whistleblowers, or a fresh young generation of Woodwards and Bernsteins -- or even a more independent, aggressive media. What it may need is a new population (or half of a population, anyway), one that hasn't been stupefied or brainwashed into blind submission, that won't look upon sadistic corruption and call it patriotism, and that will refuse to trade the Bill of Rights for a plastic Jesus and a wholly false sense of security.

 

May 20, 2005:  Bill Moyers:

 

I wore my flag tonight. First time. Until now I haven't thought it necessary to display a little metallic icon of patriotism for everyone to see. It was enough to vote, pay my taxes, perform my civic duties, speak my mind, and do my best to raise our kids to be good Americans.

 

Sometimes I would offer a small prayer of gratitude that I had been born in a country whose institutions sustained me, whose armed forces protected me, and whose ideals inspired me; I offered my heart's affections in return. It no more occurred to me to flaunt the flag on my chest than it did to pin my mother's picture on my lapel to prove her son's love. Mother knew where I stood; so does my country. I even tuck a valentine in my tax returns on April 15.

 

So what's this doing here? Well, I put it on to take it back. The flag's been hijacked and turned into a logo — the trademark of a monopoly on patriotism. On those Sunday morning talk shows, official chests appear adorned with the flag as if it is the good housekeeping seal of approval. During the State of the Union, did you notice Bush and Cheney wearing the flag? How come? No administration's patriotism is ever in doubt, only its policies. And the flag bestows no immunity from error. When I see flags sprouting on official lapels, I think of the time in China when I saw Mao's little red book on every official's desk, omnipresent and unread.

 

But more galling than anything are all those moralistic ideologues in Washington sporting the flag in their lapels while writing books and running Web sites and publishing magazines attacking dissenters as un-American. They are people whose ardor for war grows disproportionately to their distance from the fighting. They're in the same league as those swarms of corporate lobbyists wearing flags and prowling Capitol Hill for tax breaks even as they call for more spending on war.

 

So I put this on as a modest riposte to men with flags in their lapels who shoot missiles from the safety of Washington think tanks, or argue that sacrifice is good as long as they don't have to make it, or approve of bribing governments to join the coalition of the willing (after they first stash the cash.) I put it on to remind myself that not every patriot thinks we should do to the people of Baghdad what Bin Laden did to us. The flag belongs to the country, not to the government. And it reminds me that it's not un-American to think that war — except in self-defense — is a failure of moral imagination, political nerve, and diplomacy. Come to think of it, standing up to your government can mean standing up for your country.

 

Eric Alterman:

 

While the U.S. media has been obsessing about Newsweek, “the nuclear option,” and Michael Jackson’s masturbatory habits, for the past two weeks, their UK counterparts have been up in arms over the so-called “Downing Street memo,” a leaked secret document that consists of the minutes of a meeting of British Prime Minister Tony Blair’s senior national security team. The memo shows, without a shadow of a doubt, that the American and British governments had decided to invade Iraq in early 2002 – while lying to the public about their true intentions. Despite the flap in Britain, however, we’ve barely heard a squeak about this smoking gun on this side of the Atlantic.

 

April 20, 2005:  David Corn writes:

 

Marla Ruzicka deserves the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Unlike Paul Wolfowitz or George Tenet, she shouldn't get it for botching the job in Iraq. No, she ought to receive it for trying damn hard to make America live up to its ideals in Iraq and elsewhere. But the medal would have to be awarded posthumously--because on Saturday, Marla, an irrepressible 28-year-old from California, was killed by a bomb when a suicide bomber, who was apparently trying to strike a US convoy on the highway to Baghdad International Airport, pulled up alongside her car pulled and detonated the explosives. Faiz Ali Salaam, her 43-year-old associate and the father of a two-month-old daughter, was also killed. (link added)

 

Ten years ago, a genocide unfolded right in front of our eyes, but the media was more focused on the legal problems of various celebrities than it was on the deaths of tens of thousands of people in Africa.

And the same thing is happening today.

One has to wonder if, ten years from now, we'll be saying to one another "I vaguely remember hearing about the genocide in Sudan. It took place about the time of the Michael Jackson trial, right?"

We at the Coalition for Darfur ask you to join us in raising awareness of the genocide and to consider making a small donation to any of the organizations providing life saving assistance to the neglected people of Darfur.

 

April 18, 2005:  This is huge: a 20 percent increase in available Roman and Ancient Greek literature. 

 

April 11, 2005: [N]o method of financing retirement incomes is any more real than the Trust Fund. This is not a statement of extreme philosophical uncertainty but simply recognition that all forms of saving for the future involve a leap of faith. When individuals or institutions give up something today in exchange for a promise of something in return in the future, there is always the chance that the promisor will fail to honor his promises. There are better and worse ways to enforce promises, but none are superior to Treasury bonds. Not only are the alternatives subject to their own vagaries that make them even less reliable as promises of future income, but those who suspect that politicians are always looking for a way to break their promises will discover that non-government assets are also fatally vulnerable to the caprice of politicians.”

 

 

A Demonstration of the Futility of Using Microsoft Word’s Spelling and Grammar Check.

 

 

April 6, 2005: You would think watching the news these past several weeks that all that matters in the world is Terri Schiavo and the Pope.  Did you know that during the three months of genocide that began eleven years ago today, Rwanda received a total of 278 minutes of news coverage from the likes of ABC, NBC, CBS and CNN, meaning that each of these news organization spent less than 1 minute per day reporting on a genocide that was taking lives at the rate of 1 every 11 seconds.  Today,

 

Serious reporting on [Darfur] largely has been absent on the networks and on cable. Last year the three network nightly newscasts aired a meager total of 26 minutes on the bloodshed, according to the Tyndall Report, which monitors network news. ABC devoted just 18 minutes to Darfur, NBC five and CBS three. By contrast, Martha Stewart's woes received 130 minutes, five times as much.

 

 

From Reuters:

President George W. Bush said on Tuesday that younger workers were counting on a fictional trust fund for their future retirement benefits, as he pressed his case for changes to Social Security in the face of continuing doubts among fellow Republicans.

"A lot of people in America think there's a trust," Bush told a forum here, shortly after he stopped off at the Bureau of Public Debt, the agency that keeps records on the nation's debt.

"But that's not the way it works," he said. "There is no trust fund -- just IOUs."

I wish he’d stop lying.  As the articles I’ve been linking to again and again make clear, those “IOU’s” are U.S. Treasury Bonds, and if the government starts defaulting on those we’re in so much trouble Social Security is irrelevant.

 

April 5, 2005: I knew the Lebron Powerade commercial couldn’t be for real, but I liked to think it was.

 

April 4, 2005:  An interesting take on the Grokster case from a letter by Bill Hana to Salon:


As I was reading Andrew Leonard's piece on MGM vs. Grokster, something occurred to me. Isn't this the exact same thing that Congress absolved the gun industry from recently? I seem to recall the logic behind that law was that gun makers couldn't possibly be held responsible for what people did with their product. So let me get this straight. A company providing a legitimate service that could be used to violate copyright is liable for how its customers abuse said service, but the company that provides a product whose sole purpose is to launch a high-velocity hunk of metal isn't? My brain hurts.

I hate to be cynical, but it sure does seem like laws are being creating of, by and for big campaign donors these days. In the future, my children won't have the right to share a song with their friends. But if one of those friends shoots them, at least no gun company exec will have to suffer. And that's what's really important, right?

 

On March 3rd, legislators filed Senate bill S. 520 and House version is H.R. 1070, the so-called "Constitution Restoration Act" (CRA). In the worshipful words of the Conservative Caucus, this historic legislation will "RESTORE OUR CONSTITUTION!", mainly by barring ANY federal court or judge from ever again reviewing "any matter to the extent that relief is sought against an entity of Federal, State, or local government, or against an officer or agent of Federal, State, or local government (whether or not acting in official or personal capacity), concerning that entity's, officer's, or agent's acknowledgment of God as the sovereign source of law, liberty, or government." (emphasis added) (full text here.) Restoration?  The Constitution states that “the People . . . do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”  (emphasis added) (full text here.)

 

March 31, 2005:  If we are truly concerned about a culture of life, we should stop the genocide in Darfur. One blog is working for just that—the Coalition for Darfur is uniting the left and the right to save lives. World intervention is urgently needed on this issue of life and death involving hundreds of thousands, if not millions.

 

From Inter Alia:

 

[L]ast week, the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts published its Considerations in Establishing a Court Policy Regarding the Use of Wireless Communication Devices, which sets forth a good description of the status quo, as well as things to keep in mind when utilizing wireless devices in court.

 

Perspective is a wonderful thing.

 

Hypocrites of “tort reform,” including George W. Bush and Rick Santorum.

 

March 30, 2005:  A Florida committee composed of judges, lawyers and clerks of court agreed Monday in Tampa on a basic principle: General electronic access to court records should be available to the public.  In contrast, a Minnesota Supreme Court Advisory Committee last year concluded that remote electronic access should be limited to “documents that the courts themselves generate, such as the register of actions, calendars, judgment dockets, and judgments, orders, appellate opinions, and notices prepared by the court . . . [but] that there should be an exception to this recommendation to allow for the type of high volume public access requests that come with high profile cases.”

 

March 29, 2005:  At least 108 people have died in US custody in Iraq and Afghanistan.

 

27 of them are confirmed homicides or are suspected to be by the Army.

 

Nevertheless, despite recommendations by Army investigators, commanders have decided not to prosecute 17 American soldiers implicated in the deaths of three prisoners in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2003 and 2004, according to a new accounting released Friday by the Army.

 

Guards and military intelligence personnel allegedly tortured detainees at a U.S. Army holding facility in northern Iraq in late 2003, according to Army criminal investigative documents released last Saturday.

 

But Pentagon policies that allowed harsh interrogation techniques and narrowed the definition of torture were not to blame for dozens of cases of prisoner abuse in Iraq, Afghanistan or Guantanamo Bay, according to a new Defense Department report.

 

When asked why he did not hold anyone accountable for failing to establish clear interrogation procedures in Iraq and Afghanistan, a senior military investigator, Vice Adm. Albert T. Church III of the Navy Admiral Church told reporters, "I don't know who you would have assigned responsibility necessarily to do that."

 

According to John Yoo, Berkeley law professor and one of the principal authors of the infamous torture memos, “Congress doesn’t have the power to ‘tie the President’s hands in regard to torture as an interrogation technique.’ He continued, ‘It’s the core of the Commander-in-Chief function. They can’t prevent the President from ordering torture.’ If the President were to abuse his powers as Commander-in-Chief, Yoo said, the constitutional remedy was impeachment. He went on to suggest that President Bush’s victory in the 2004 election, along with the relatively mild challenge to Gonzales mounted by the Democrats in Congress, was ‘proof that the debate is over.’ He said, ‘The issue is dying out. The public has had its referendum.’”

 

Bill Tierney “had just returned from eight months working as an interrogator for US forces in Baghdad, and had come to talk, on the record, about torture. ‘The Brits came up with an expression - wog,’ Tierney said. ‘That stands for Wily Oriental Gentleman. There's a lot of wiliness in that part of the world.’ And when it comes to interrogating wily insurgents, Tierney explained, he favors ‘smarts over smack.’. . . After explaining his various psychological tactics to the audience, interrogator . . . Tierney (a private contractor working with the Army) said, ‘I tried to be nuanced and culturally aware. But the suspects didn't break.’  Suddenly Tierney's temper rose. ‘They did not break!’ he shouted. ‘I'm here to win. I'm here so our civilization beats theirs! Now what are you willing to do to win?’ he asked, pointing to a woman in the front row. ‘You are the interrogators, you are the ones who have to get the information from the Iraqis. What do you do? That word 'torture'. You immediately think, 'That's not me.' But are we litigating this war or fighting it?’”

 

March 27, 2005:  Billmon’s Whisky Bar.

 

Tom Delay and his family decided in '88 to let his comatose father die.

 

March 24, 2005:  In a domestic abuse case between an unmarried man and woman, the trial judge in Cleveland yesterday reduced the charge from one of domestic violence against a woman to simple assault, holding that to apply Ohio’s domestic violence law to the relationship between an unmarried offender and his victim would be to give legal status to a relationship "approximating the significance or effect of marriage.”   Thus, the domestic violence law runs afoul of Issue One, the constitutional amendment approved last November by Ohio voters that provides: “This state and its political subdivisions shall not create or recognize a legal status for relationships of unmarried individuals that intends to approximate the design, qualities, significance or effect of marriage.”  As noted in my post on October 20, 2004, when asked, among other things, whether the passage of Issue One would remove the protection of Ohio domestic violence laws from a girlfriend beaten by her live-in boyfriend, Phil Burress, chair of the Ohio Campaign to Protect Marriage (the group that pushed for Issue 1, answered: “That’s a question lawyers will have to debate.”

 

In Florida two days ago, “Republicans on the House Choice and Innovation Committee voted along party lines Tuesday to pass a bill that aims to stamp out “leftist totalitarianism” by “dictator professors” in the classrooms of Florida’s universities. … According to a legislative staff analysis of the bill, the law would give students who think their beliefs are not being respected legal standing to sue professors and universities. Students who believe their professor is singling them out for “public ridicule” – for instance, when professors use the Socratic method to force students to explain their theories in class – would also be given the right to sue.”   Reminds me a little of this.

 

Forty years ago, in March 1965, the students and faculty of the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) held the first Teach-in against the Vietnam War — an all-night study session involving thousands of students and dozens of faculty that began about 6 p.m. and lasted till 6 a.m.

 

Who owns your e-mail when you die?

When Lance Corporal Justin Ellsworth was killed in Iraq in November 2004, his death sparked an unexpected controversy about e-mail ownership. Ellsworth's parents requested access to Ellsworth's Yahoo e-mail account, and Yahoo refused, citing internal privacy policies and explaining that accounts terminate when account holder's die. As a result, Ellsworth's family went to court, attempting to force Yahoo to pony up the e-mails.

March 23, 2005:   Tom Waits writes about his twenty most cherished albums.

 

Another Empirical Study Casts Doubt on the Putative Medical Malpractice "Crisis."

 

 

March 21, 2005:   The best teacher I ever had, Doc Strater, died on Saturday.  He taught me Latin and Ancient Greek in high school.  He didn’t need to be teaching in high school; he was a Ph.D. in Classics and had been a Fullbright Fellow.  But he loved teaching high school students, and that example was perhaps the most important lesson he taught: do what you love.  He also taught me what now seems obvious: there are no stupid questions.  If there was something I didn’t understand, it wasn’t evidence of stupidity, it was evidence I needed to learn something I didn’t know.  And he brought an enthusiasm to everything he did.  I would’ve never guessed in a million years when I entered his classroom in ninth grade that I’d end up graduating from Brown eight years later with a degree in Ancient Greek and Latin.  I’ve been blessed with numerous gifted teachers, but Doc Strater was the best of all, and he died way too young (of Parkinson’s).

 

Debunking GOP myths about the filibuster.

 

 

March 18, 2005: From Kung Fu Monkey: “[W]hen the Supreme Court struck down the bans against interracial marriage in 1968 through Virginia vs. Loving, SEVENTY-TWO PERCENT of Americans were against interracial marriage. As a matter of fact, approval of interracial marriage in the US didn't cross the positive threshold until -- sweet God – 1991.”

 

March 17, 2005:   To keep us humble, 13 things that don’t make sense.

 

March 16, 2005:  Peter Slevin writes in the Washington Post:

Policymakers in 19 states are weighing proposals that question the science of evolution.. . . At the state and local level, from South Carolina to California, these advocates are using lawsuits and school board debates to counter evolutionary theory. Alabama and Georgia legislators recently introduced bills to allow teachers to challenge evolutionary theory in the classroom. Ohio, Minnesota, New Mexico and Ohio have approved new rules allowing that. And a school board member in a Tennessee county wants stickers pasted on textbooks that say evolution remains unproven.

A prominent effort is underway in Kansas, where the state Board of Education intends to revise teaching standards. That would be progress, Southern Baptist minister Terry Fox said, because "most people in Kansas don't think we came from monkeys."

The movement is "steadily growing," said Eugenie C. Scott, executive director of the National Center for Science Education, which defends the teaching of evolution. "The energy level is new. The religious right has had an effect nationally. Now, by golly, they want to call in the chits."

 

 

March 15, 2005:  From the BBC:

People tell the story - a true story - of 'the miracle of the swallows: how each spring, swallows wing their way back to San Juan Capistrano, California, there to nest in the ruins of the old Spanish Mission and raise their young, bringing joy to the residents' hearts and balm to their weary souls. This is not that story.

Meanwhile In The Midwest...

The good folks of Hinckley, Ohio celebrate the arrival of spring when the buzzards return from their winter stomping grounds in the southern United States and points beyond. Thousands of the birds arrive on 15 March and set up housekeeping in Hinckley Reservation, a public park that is home to the 90-acre Hinckley Lake and Whipp's Ledges, a rocky outcropping formed more than 250 million years ago and rising 350 feet above the lake.

 

March 13, 2005:  Here’s a directory of contemporary poets who are lawyers.

 

March 9, 2005:  I attended a David Byrne lecture tonight in Los Angeles on the topic of PowerPoint.  He’s brilliant.  He gave a good overview (with PowerPoint slides) of the history and the critique of PowerPoint I’ve previously mentioned (on February 13, 2004 and August 22, 2003), but he’s an artist, and he’s after more than that.  PowerPoint is his new medium:

 

I have been working with PowerPoint, the ubiquitous presentation software, as an art medium for a number of years. It started off as a joke (this software is a symbol of corporate salesmanship, or lack thereof) but then the work took on a life of its own as I realized I could create pieces that were moving, despite the limitations of the "medium." I have shown these pieces in galleries and museums and most recently have produced a book with a DVD (Envisioning Emotional Epistemological Information) as means of presenting these curiosities.

 

Best of all, he gives the lecture this Saturday, March 12, at the Akron Summit County Public Library.

 

March 7, 2005:   Steven Lubet on law school exams:

 

The dirty secret (if it is a secret) is that law schools rely on exams primarily because they are easy to grade. The intense time pressure guarantees that the answers will be relatively short and, even more important, that quality will differ significantly. Exams do a great job of dividing test takers into measurable categories, even if those categories measure nothing more than an ability to take tests in an artificial, nonlawyerly setting.

 

March 5, 2005: Two wonderfully written pieces: Jim Holt makes me understand Einstein’s theories of relativity better than I ever have, and Paul Krugman takes on the economics and politics of Social Security.

 

March 4, 2005:   In Oregon, a new property-rights law, which was approved overwhelmingly by voters last fall and is known as Measure 37, is on the brink of wrecking Oregon's best-in-the-nation record of reining in sprawl, according to state officials and national planning experts. They say the new law illustrates a nationwide paradox in public opinion: Although voters tend to favor protection of farmland and open space, they vote down these protections if they perceive them as restrictions on personal rights.

 

March 3, 2005:  Joe Kimble’s “A Modest Wish List for Legal Writing”

 

March 2, 2005:  Michael Gil wrote last September:

We remain a society that has no qualms about building an oversupply of housing stock, which guarantees vacant and abandoned housing. Therefore, we remain a society comfortable with devalued neighborhoods where all the poor people live and are saddled with the most expensive infrastructure repairs and the greatest social need. Cleveland's position at the top of the poverty heap has as much to do with sprawl as it does with the economy.

We remain a region overbuilt with a substantial inventory of empty retail space, and it seems that the only reason we object to building more is if it would mean forcing someone to sell their home to make way. And, of course, that means the only place anyone objects is in the central cities, where the economic boost is needed most.

The backside of defending property rights in these situations is defending your right to walk away from those responsibilities. Because holding property rights sacrosanct in Lakewood or Cleveland Heights also means allowing any piece of farmland to be sold, subdivided and covered with redundant housing.

 

February 28, 2005:   Some news organizations are giving extra thought to how they use words and phrases like “reform,” “moral values,” and “war on terror.” Brooke Gladstone, co-host of NPR's On the Media explores how some media outlets decide what to say, and how to say it (audio file).

Another huge surprise: “Medical malpractice lawyers are cast as the marquee villains in the [Bush] administration's war against what it regards as a litigious culture run amok.”

 

My father was an American G.I. captured by the Germans during the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944.  His trip eastward through the Nazi POW system included a stay in Stalag IX-B, where the Germans segregated the Jewish POW’s.  Some threw away their dogtags, which identified them by their religion.  My dad didn’t.  He wanted his body to be identifiable after he died so that his parents wouldn’t wonder forever what had happened to him.  But he was lucky.  He passed through Stalag IX-B just a couple of weeks before the Germans started sending Jewish-American prisoners from there to Berga, a concentration camp, where a vast number of them died.  My dad was liberated on April 1, 1945, nearly starved but counting himself so lucky he swears to this day he hasn’t had a bad day since.  He had become good friends with Charles Guggenheim during basic training in Alabama.  Guggenheim never made it to Europe thanks to a leg infection, but he later become one of the most accomplished documentary filmmakers of our age and, shortly before his death, completed his film on Berga.

 

February 24, 2005:   Annalee Newitz analyzes End User License Agreements:

We've all seen them – windows that pop up before you install a new piece of software, full of legalese. To complete the install, you have to scroll through 60 screens of dense text and then click an "I Agree" button. Sometimes you don't even have to scroll through to click the button. Other times, there is no button because merely opening your new gadget means that you've "agreed" to the chunk of legalese.

     They're called End User License Agreements, or EULAs. Sometimes referred to as "shrinkwrap" or "click-through" agreements, they are efforts to bind consumers legally to a number of strict terms – and yet you never sign your name. Frequently, you aren't even able to see a EULA until after you've purchased the item it covers.

     Although there has been some controversy over whether these agreements are enforceable, several courts have upheld their legitimacy.1 These days, EULAs are ubiquitous in software and consumer electronics -- millions of people are clicking buttons that purport to bind them to agreements that they never read and that often run contrary to federal and state laws. These dubious "contracts" are, in theory, one-on-one agreements between manufacturers and each of their customers. Yet because almost every computer user in the world has been subjected to the same take-it-or-leave-it terms at one time or another, EULAs are more like legal mandates than consumer choices. They are, in effect, changing laws without going through any kind of legislative process. And the results are dangerous for consumers and innovators alike.

     It's time that consumers understood what happens when they click "I Agree." They may be inviting vendors to snoop on their computers, or allowing companies to prevent them from publicly criticizing the product they've bought. They also click away their right to customize or even repair their devices. This is a guide for the "user" in EULA, the person who stands to lose the most by allowing companies to assert that these click-through agreements count as binding contracts.

 

My old college friend Matt Rose, an artist now living in Paris, recently had an exhibit in Miami.

 

February 23, 2005:   Brooke Allen on Our Godless Constitution.

 

February 22, 2005:  It seems Daniel Engber, in What about Bob?, is asking the same question I asked on February 16: Judith Miller and Matthew Cooper seem to be headed for jail.  Why isn’t Bob Novak? 

 

From the NY Times last Saturday:

     Of all the claims of an electoral mandate made by President Bush's supporters, none were as bizarre as the one offered by John Yoo, a former Justice Department lawyer who helped draft the cynical justifications for the illegal detention and torture of "unlawful combatants." "The debate is over," Mr. Yoo told The New Yorker, adding: "The issue is dying out. The public has had its referendum."

     It's hard to know what is most outrageous about those comments - that Mr. Yoo actually believes Americans voted for torturing prisoners or that an official at the heart of this appalling mess feels secure enough to say that. Certainly the worst possibility is that the public has, indeed, lost interest.

     The White House has done everything it can to bury the issue. Nearly a year after the Abu Ghraib scandal broke, the administration still drags its feet on public disclosure, stonewalls Congressional requests for documents and suppresses the results of internal investigations.

     But the issue is as urgent as ever. Hundreds of men remain imprisoned at Guantánamo Bay, years after any information they had might have been useful and in defiance of two Supreme Court decisions. American soldiers hold thousands of Afghan and Iraqi prisoners under rules that remain murky, to put it charitably.

 

Jonathan Chait on the real differences between conservatives and liberals.

 

February 18, 2005: Luc Sante on Bob Dylan.

 

February 17, 2005:  To paraphrase Chrissie Hynde, oh, god, no, Ohio:

Conservatives in the Ohio State Senate are considering a bill that would prohibit public and private college professors from introducing “controversial matter” into the classroom and shift oversight of college course content to state governments and courts. The language of the bill comes from right-wing activist David Horowitz’s “Academic Bill of Rights,” which recommends states adopt rules to “restrict what university professors could say in their classrooms” and halt liberal “pollution” on campus.

Horowitz, who is the driving force behind the movement for “academic freedom” in Ohio and other states, has a distinguished history of intellectual defamation, historical inaccuracy and political bullying. He has freely compared American liberals to Islamic terrorists, slandered the Democratic Party and John Kerry for criticizing the war in Iraq and made a habit out of accusing his detractors of racism. Most recently, when African-American historian John Hope Franklin questioned Horowitz’s 2001 claim that black people benefited from slavery and owed a “debt” to white America, Horowitz responded by calling the eminent historian “a racial ideologue rather than a historian” and “almost pathological.” Horowitz has no academic credentials and routinely distorts facts.

 

Bill Clinton never supported private social security accounts and neither, for that matter, did FDR (though plenty of people are saying both did).

 

Frank Rich on “Jeff Gannon.”

 

Unsurprisingly, the House today passed the so-called “Class Action Fairness Act.”

 

 

February 16, 2005:   Something is seriously wrong here.  Robert Novak outed Valerie Plame as a CIA agent, and yet Matthew Cooper and Judith Miller have to go to jail because they won’t disclose their sources for the information that Novak published?  In his concurring opinion to the D.C. Circuit opinion affirming the trial court’s order holding Cooper and Miller in contempt, David Sentelle draws near the point that Novak’s publication of the Plame story was far more blameworthy than Cooper’s refusal to write about Plame until after Novak had – by then Cooper’s article was not a disclosure of information illegally leaked but instead was about the firestorm of attention that had broken out over Novak’s disclosure of Plame’s identity:

 

In concluding that no privilege applies in this case, I have assigned no importance to the fact that neither Cooper nor Miller, perhaps recognizing the irresponsible (and quite possibly illegal) nature of the leaks at issue, revealed Plame’s employment, though Cooper wrote about it after Novak’s column appeared. Contrary to the reporters’ view, this apparent self-restraint spares Miller and Cooper no obligation to testify. Narrowly drawn limitations on the public’s right to evidence, testimonial privileges apply “only where necessary to achieve [their] purpose,” Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. 391, 403 (1976), and in this case the privilege’s purpose is to promote dissemination of useful information. It thus makes no difference how these reporters responded to the information they received, any more than it matters whether an attorney drops a client who seeks criminal advice (communication subject to the crime-fraud exception) or a psychotherapist seeks to dissuade homicidal plans revealed during counseling (information Jaffee suggested would not be privileged, see 518 U.S. at 18 n.19). In all such cases, because the communication is unworthy of protection, recipients’ reactions are irrelevant to whether their testimony may be compelled in an investigation of the source.  Opinion at 39 (emphasis added).

 

Sentelle and the rest of the D.C. Circuit never address, however, the elephant in the room: if Cooper and Miller have to go to jail for refusing to disclose to a grand jury the identity of the person who told them Plame was a CIA agent, then is anything going to happen to Novak or even the people who actually broke the law here – the “White House officials” who leaked Plame’s identity?

 

February 15, 2005:  Elizabeth Anderson at Left2Right on the purposes of Social Security. 

And Ms. Anderson on Bush’s “tax cuts”:

Let's face the facts.  The nominal "price" of government (not the same as its total cost) is equal to the amount of government spending, not the amount of tax revenues.  If the spending isn't paid for today, it will have to be paid for tomorrow, with interest.  Bush has been steadily increasing government spending, as you can see here.  Falling tax revenues today mean rising tax bills tomorrow.  To be honest, we should call Bush's tax policies, given the absence of commensurate spending cuts, tax postponements.  They are not tax "cuts."

 

February14, 2005:   Douglas Kysar writes: “If the political storm over tort reform ever subsides long enough to let this point sink in [that litigation can motivate precautions even in the absence of statute or regulation], tort bashers of all stripes might come to realize that ‘regulation through litigation’ actually helps to keep government smaller.”

 

The White House has launched a $35 million public relations effort to support President Bush’s Social Security privatization scheme. This fact sheet sets forth a point-by-point rebuttal of that effort’s premises.

 

Bruce Ackerman on the Supreme Court.

 

From Lester S. King, Why Not Say It Clearly 19 (1978), via Minor Wisdom:

The mature and reasonably well educated adult who cannot understand expository writing should not conclude that he is dull-witted or that the subject is too abstruse for him. He should at least entertain the suspicion that the fault lies with the author and that the writing is bad.

 

More than 200 scientists employed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service say they have been directed to alter official findings to lessen protections for plants and animals.

 

February 11, 2005: I’m disappointed in Diane Feinstein’s and Barak Obama’s support of the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005, which the Senate approved yesterday (with House approval and presidential signature anticipated) and which provides that large multistate class action lawsuits like the ones that have been brought against tobacco companies could no longer be heard in small state courts.  My disappointment is founded in my conviction that the “problem” of tort litigation is a product of hype.  Moreover, the criticism of tort litigation sorely neglects its effectiveness as regulation.  I cannot imagine, for example, that state consumer protection legislation would be anything more than wishful thinking if its enforcement were left to state regulators.  Instead, businesses comply with such regulation in the myriad of day-to-day transactions because of the threat of tort liability.  Nevertheless, maybe the legislation is mild enough, if it isn’t the first of a stream of similar laws, to justify Feinstein’s statement that "[th]is bill, like most, is not perfect. But I believe that it represents the best that can be done to solve what is a real problem in our legal system."   Under the Act, plaintiffs in class actions seeking in excess of $5 million would have to bring their cases in a federal court if less than one-third of the plaintiffs are from the same state as the primary defendant.  While common wisdom has it that state court juries are vastly more generous to plaintiffs than are federal court juries, presumably federal courts will give a fair hearing to class action plaintiffs.  But I’m afraid the whole affair is just more of the politics of appearances.  

 

Jane Mayer on The secret history of America’s “extraordinary rendition” program.

 

February 10, 2005:  The Truth about the Billable Hour.

 

February 9, 2005:  From Corp Law Blog, fun with clause identifiers.  Using them in your legal writing will make you less susceptible to:

 

(a) confusion,

(b) unforeseen interpretations, and

(c) ridicule in

(i)                                                            (i) law school classrooms, and

(ii)                                                          (ii) blogs.

 

February 8, 2005:  Statement of Senator Richard J. Durbin on the nomination of Alberto R. Gonzales to serve as Attorney General of the United States.

 

February 7, 2005:  The Wisconsin IVth District Court of Appeals couldn’t have said it better in explaining what a court wants in the briefs lawyers submit to them:

Before addressing each of Western Wisconsin's claims against Swanson and the Welters that the trial court dismissed, we note that our review was made more difficult by the appellant's failure to structure its arguments in terms of the specific causes of action it pled and the items of proof going to each of the elements it needed to establish or place in dispute in order to survive summary judgment. For example, the appellant begins its brief with a lengthy statement of the case and underlying "facts," followed by a "summary of argument" and a discussion of our well-settled standard of review. Finally, on page thirty-five of its brief, the appellant begins discussing the merits of its appeal, but the discussion first lumps several causes of action together in an effort to persuade us that the record contains sufficient evidence for a jury to find that the three individual defendants "personally participated in tortious conduct."

ĥ11. There is no cause of action, however, for generalized "tortious conduct." What we must decide is whether each of Western Wisconsin's specific claims (tortious interference with contract, conspiracy to injure business, fraudulent misrepresentation, and trademark infringement) should survive against either or both Swanson and the Welters. It is not until the fifty-first page of its brief that Western Wisconsin begins addressing its separate claims in terms of their elements and the items the parties submitted on summary judgment that relate to those elements. Even then, however, its germane arguments are interspersed with claims that the circuit court should not have considered certain, allegedly belated, arguments made by the movants in the trial court.

ĥ12. We do not include this criticism of the appellant's brief to embarrass its counsel but to point out the all too common failure on the part of appellants to properly structure their arguments when appealing summary judgment rulings. What both we and the circuit court must decide on summary judgment is whether there needs to be a trial to resolve factual disputes that are material to the specific causes of action properly pled by a plaintiff or to any legally cognizable defenses raised by a defendant. And, because our review is de novo, whether the circuit court properly considered certain arguments or submissions is irrelevant to our independent analysis. Although the presentation of a certain amount of introductory context may be necessary to our proper understanding of the arguments which follow, appellants should succinctly explain to us why we should or should not permit specific claims to survive summary judgment based on what the law requires claimants or defendants to prove and what the record demonstrates regarding the presence or absence of disputed facts material to those requirements.

 

February 4, 2005: Why is it Bush’s big push is to “fix” a problem that isn’t broken, Social Security, when what everyone knows is that it’s the ways we provide and pay for medical care in this country that are the real problems we need to fix?

 

I’m shocked, shocked: caps on personal injury recoveries have no meaningful effect on malpractice premiums:

 

Weiss Ratings Inc., an independent organization that evaluates the financial strength of numerous financial institutions, especially insurers, concluded that "capping malpractice damages does not lower insurance premiums for doctors." The Medical Liability Monitor, which publishes the latest information on medical liability insurance rates, in its annual rate survey found that "states with caps on damages have average insurance premiums that are 9.8 percent higher than insurance premiums in states without caps."

Do caps have much of an impact on health-care costs generally?

No. The independent Congressional Budget Office reported that "medical malpractice costs amounted to less than 2 percent of overall health-care spending and the impact on insurance premiums would be comparatively small." Caps on medical malpractice damages won't make a dent in the national health-care spending crisis.

What about those "tort litigation costs"?

The News editorial repeats insurance industry estimates of the U.S. tort system's cost. Each year, an insurance industry-consulting firm, Tillinghast-Towers Perrin, estimates what it calls the overall annual "cost" of the U.S. tort system. Facing mounting criticism, Tillinghast acknowledged for the first time in 2004 that its annual "Trends and Findings on the Cost of the U.S. Tort System" has nothing to do with the costs of litigation, courts or the legal system.

 

Be very careful about believing what you see.  I wonder whether Team America World Police will have to rescue this hostage.

 

February 3, 2005: From my colleague Andy Morriss, far more knowledgeable about the book than I, there’s this link to more on The Mystery of Capital.

 

February 2, 2005: In The Mystery of Capital, Hernando de Soto argues compellingly that capitalism’s success in North America and Europe and its failure in other regions is explained by the historical development within Western countries of certain kinds of legal rules and procedures governing the ownership and transfer of property.  Those rules and procedures that allow capitalist economies to grow do so by making it easy first to divide property rights and then to transfer those rights.  Moreover, the rules and procedures are complex ones able to adapt to the complex ways in which capitalist societies have found property rights can be divided.  Poor countries, those in which capitalist policies have failed, on the other hand, allow their poor to own property in complex and vague ways that (1) are not amenable to easy definition and/or (2) are not amenable to ready transfer.  The two defects are, of course, frequently combined.  It might not be easy for an extended family, for example, to define who exactly owns the family home, which would naturally make it difficult to sell or even to mortgage for the sake of freeing up funds for investment in an entrepreneurial endeavor. 

 

Most of the discussion provoked by de Soto’s insights, however, seems to focus on the failures of poor countries to impose a U.S.-like system and on the ways of overcoming those failures.  What I wonder is whether there are values promoted by property ownership lacking the clarity and easy commodification of the U.S. system.  A home owned by a clan, for example, would promote the persistence of the clan in ways that ownership by an individual within the clan would not.  In short, de Soto and his most enthusiastic followers may be giving too little consideration to the cultural values inhering in and promoted by other systems of holding property.  William Bole, in reviewing de Soto’s book, gets near this point in wondering whether de Soto gives “short shrift to culture:

One of my quibbles is that de Soto gives short shrift to culture. I’ll concede his point that Mexico City taxi drivers and Filipino rice farmers do not lack the entrepreneurial spirit. But that’s not the same as arguing that all major cultures can get with the individual-property-rights program, as he does. Think of African villagers who see themselves as collective guardians of land entrusted to them by their ancestors. Or rural dwellers in India who believe that knowledge about ancient herbal medicines belongs to everyone and should not be patented by drug companies (which are doing just that under the shelter of global trade rules).

Moreover, as Benjamin Reeve has pointed out, without the concomitant development of meaningful restraints on money and power, meaningful individual rights, and a legal system in which freedom of speech is promoted and transparency maintained, the imposition of western-style means of capitalizing wealth would result within a brief time in the concentration of that wealth in few and primarily foreign hands:

de Soto nowhere betrays any awareness that if all of the assets he describes as readily capitalizable in the Third World were capitalized, and nothing more, they would all be owned with newly formalized certainty by agencies of the First World in less than a decade. To every extent the resources of the Third World are made monetizable and exchangeable for money, the First World will yet have much more money and a much greater capacity to create money and can thus buy them all and own them as formally as you please. It is as if de Soto has chosen to ignore the extent to which money is begot of money, and would advocate a host of Third World leaders join with him to offer up that which has been somewhat insulated from the leverages of capital.

 

February 1, 2005: JD Bliss, a blog claiming to be for those seeking career satisfaction, life/work balance, and personal growth.

 

January 27, 2005: Richard Posner on tort reform:

The costs of malpractice premiums are only about 1 percent of total U.S. health-care costs. Moreover, insofar as physicians are forced to swallow the cost of the premiums rather than being able to pass them on to their patients or their patients’ insurers in the form of higher prices, the premiums do not actually increase total health-care costs. There is an indirect effect, however, insofar as malpractice liability causes doctors to practice defensive medicine. But there may be offsetting benefits, to the extent that defensive medicine actually improves outcomes for patients; and surely it does for at least some. What is more, because malpractice insurance is not experience-rated—physicians are not charged premiums based on their personal liability experience—malpractice liability may have only a slight effect on physicians’ methods or carefulness, except insofar as physicians are pressured by their insurers to change their methods in order to reduce the amount of malpractice litigation.

The relation between malpractice premiums and malpractice judgments is also uncertain. No doubt capping judgments, which is the principal reform that is advocated, has some tendency to reduce premiums, but perhaps not much, because there is evidence that premiums are strongly influenced by the performance of the insurance companies’ investment portfolios.

A better reform would be to permit, encourage, or even require insurance companies to base malpractice premiums on the experience of the insured physician, much as automobile liability insurance is based on the driver’s experience of accidents. That would make malpractice liability a better engine for deterring malpractice—which in turn would reduce malpractice premiums by reducing the amount of malpractice. Capping judgments, in contrast, would reduce the incentive of insurance companies and their regulators to move to a system of experience-rated malpractice insurance.

 

 

The 2d Circuit Court of Appeals 2 days ago reversed (pdf) a lower court decision that had dismissed the complaint by two teenagers alleging that McDonald’s violated § 349 of the New York General Business Law, which makes unlawful “[d]eceptive acts or practices in the conduct of any business, trade or commerce or in the furnishing of any service in this state.”  Specifically, the teenagers allege (1) McDonald’s marketing efforts between 1987 and 2002 created a false impression that its food products were nutritionally beneficial and part of a healthy lifestyle if consumed daily, (2) McDonald’s failed adequately to disclose that its use of certain additives and the manner it processed its foods made some of those foods substantially less healthy than represented, and (3) McDonald’s deceptively represented it would provide nutritional information to its New York customers when in reality such information was not readily available at a significant number of McDonald’s outlets in New York visited by the plaintiffs and others.  The teenagers contend they ate at McDonald’s 3 to 5 times a week throughout the years in question, were “led to believe that [McDonald’s] foods were healthy and wholesome, not as detrimental to their health as medical and scientific studies have shown, . . . [and] of a beneficial nutritional value,” and that they “would not have purchased and/or consumed the Defendant’s aforementioned products, in their entire[t]y, or on such frequency but for the aforementioned alleged representations and campaigns.” As a result, they further contend, they have developed “obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol intake, related cancers, and/or other detrimental and adverse health effects . . . .”

 

          The decision will probably provoke a flurry of calls to reign in trial lawyers, but it shouldn’t.  The lower court had held, in essence, that the complaint was defective in alleging facts that would establish a direct connection between eating McDonald’s food and the teenagers’ maladies.  The lower court had asked: “What else did the plaintiffs eat? How much did they exercise? Is there a family history of the diseases which are alleged to have been caused by McDonald’s products? Without this additional information, McDonald’s does not have sufficient information to determine if its foods are the cause of plaintiffs' obesity, or if instead McDonald’s foods are only a contributing factor.” As the 2d Circuit, pointed out (at pages 5-6 of its decision), however, the process of a lawsuit provides plenty of opportunity for McDonald’s to determine whether its foods caused the obesity and other problems.  The complaint is only the beginning of the lawsuit.  If, after discovery, the plaintiffs don’t come up with evidence that could convince a jury that McDonald’s engaged in the alleged deceptive practices and that McDonald’s food caused their problems, the trial court will dismiss the case on summary judgment.  I don’t know whether the lawyers will come up with evidence tying their teenage clients’ illnesses directly enough to their consumption of McDonald’s food, and my guess is it’s unlikely they will, but the possibility doesn’t seem entirely farfetched. 

 

January 7, 2005: Robert B. Reich writes:

[W]e've got an FDA that's not protecting consumers from harm, and pending legislation that makes it almost impossible for people who are hurt by drugs approved by the FDA to sue for damages. The question must be asked: How is the public going to be protected if the FDA remains weak and if private lawsuits are cut off?

You might ask the same question all over government these days. Pick an agency - not just the FDA, but the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, and so on. They're supposed to protect the public. But they're all understaffed, their budgets have been whacked, and many of them are in the pockets of the very companies and industries they're supposed to regulate.

At exactly the same time, Republicans are clamoring for what they call "tort reform." Tort reform is a nice way of saying that people who are harmed by companies shouldn't be able to sue them and collect damages.

They can't have it both ways. Either regulatory agencies have to be made tougher and more independent, and given the resources they need to protect the public, OR we've got to rely on courts and private lawsuits to make sure companies have every financial incentive to protect the public. Absent both - tough regulators and the threat of private lawsuits - the public is at serious risk. If you're worried about Celebrex and Vioxx, you ain't seen nothin' yet.

 

January 6, 2005: As I wrote last November 30, the 2002 "Torture Memo" prepared by Jay Bybee for Alberto Gonzalez was intellectually specious in, among other things, limiting the definition of “torture” under 18 U.S.C. sections 2340-2340A to treatment that causes pain "equivalent in intensity to the pain accompanying serious physical injury, such as organ failure, impairment of bodily function, or even death.” Id. at 1.  Apparently, the current Justice Department thinks so too, or at least thought it wise in light of this week’s hearings on Gonzalez’s confirmation as Attorney General to “withdraw” the “Torture Memo.” The Justice Department late Thursday posted on its website a revised and expanded interpretation of criminal "torture" that expressly rejects for the same reasons I did the “reasoning” that indicated Bybee’s strained efforts to reach a pre-ordained conclusion on the definition of “severe pain” – the statutory language on which Bybee had relied did not even define “severe pain” and, given that those statutes are part of an insurance regulation, they are not anyway a proper context in which to seek guidance on the meaning of a term pertaining to torture: 

 

We have also modified in some important respects our analysis of the legal standards applicable under 18 U.S.C. §§ 2340-2340A. For example, we disagree with statements in the August 2002 Memorandum limiting “severe” pain under the statute to “excruciating and agonizing” pain, id. at 19, or to pain “equivalent in intensity to the pain accompanying serious physical injury, such as organ failure, impairment of bodily function, or even death,” id. at 1. . . .

 

The August 2002 Memorandum also looked to the use of "severe pain" in certain other statutes, and concluded that to satisfy the definition in section 2340, pain "must be equivalent in intensity to the pain accompanying serious physical injury, such as organ failure, impairment of bodily function, or even death." Id. at 1; see also id. at 5-6, 13, 46. We do not agree with those statements. Those other statutes define an "emergency medical condition," for purposes of providing health benefits, as "a condition manifesting itself by acute symptoms of sufficient severity (including severe pain)" such that one could reasonably expect that the absence of immediate medical care might result in death, organ failure or impairment of bodily function. See, e.g., 8 U.S.C. § 1369 (2000); 42 U.S.C. § 1395w-22(d)(3)(B) (2000); id. § 1395dd(e) (2000). They do not define "severe pain" even in that very different context (rather, they use it as an indication of an "emergency medical condition"), and they do not state that death, organ failure, or impairment of bodily function cause "severe pain," but rather that "severe pain" may indicate a condition that, if untreated, could cause one of those results. We do not believe that they provide a proper guide for interpreting "severe pain" in the very different context of the prohibition against torture in sections 2340-2340A. Cf. United States v. Cleveland Indians Baseball Co., 532 U.S. 200, 213 (2001) (phrase "wages paid" has different meaning in different parts of Title 26); Robinson v. Shell Oil Co., 519 U.S. 337, 343-44 (1997) (term "employee" has different meanings in different parts of Title VII). (emphasis added.)

 

December 27, 2004: Sister Helen Prejean writes: “As governor, Bush certainly did not stand apart in his routine refusal to deny clemency to death row petitioners, but what does set him apart is the sheer number of executions over which he has presided. Callous indifference to human suffering may also set Bush apart. He may be the only government official to mock a condemned person's plea for mercy, then lie about it afterward, claiming humane feelings he never felt. On the contrary, it seems that Bush is comfortable with using violent solutions to solve troublesome social and political realities.”

 

Sara Rimer unmasks the Anonymous Lawyer. He’s Jeremy Blachman, the Harvard 3L who’s following his heart, not his wallet.

 

According to research published by a group of scholars beginning in 1998, countries that come from a French civil law tradition struggle to create effective financial markets, while countries with a British common law tradition succeed far more frequently.

 

 

December 9, 2004: Paul Krugman writes that the effort to “reform” or “privatize” Social Security, which as I’ve written is an effort to destroy the entire purpose of Social Security, is founded on a fraudulent assertion that there is a crisis in Social Security funding:

 

[E]xtending the life of the trust fund into the 22nd century, with no change in benefits, would require additional revenues equal to only 0.54 percent of G.D.P. That's less than 3 percent of federal spending - less than we're currently spending in Iraq. And it's only about one-quarter of the revenue lost each year because of President Bush's tax cuts - roughly equal to the fraction of those cuts that goes to people with incomes over $500,000 a year.

 

Given these numbers, it's not at all hard to come up with fiscal packages that would secure the retirement program, with no major changes, for generations to come.

 

It's true that the federal government as a whole faces a very large financial shortfall. That shortfall, however, has much more to do with tax cuts - cuts that Mr. Bush nonetheless insists on making permanent - than it does with Social Security.

 

But since the politics of privatization depend on convincing the public that there is a Social Security crisis, the privatizers have done their best to invent one.

 

 

December 7, 2004: The use of e-mail has exposed corporate America’s inability to write well.

 

 

December 6, 2004: How to write a Good Appellate Brief, by Andrew L. Frey and Roy t. Englert, Jr.

 

 

From the newly renamed Minor Wisdom (f/k/a Rain Man 2) comes this link to Commonweal's editorial against confirmation of Alberto Gonzales as attorney general:

 

No single incident in the “war” on terror has done more to damage America’s credibility and moral stature, or to fuel the indignation and ambitions of Islamic terrorists in Iraq and throughout the Middle East, than the torture of Iraqi prisoners by U.S. soldiers at the Abu Ghraib prison. Contrary to the Bush administration’s assertions that “a few bad apples” were responsible for the torture, it is evident that a policy sanctioning the use of coercive interrogation methods was set at the very highest levels of the administration. Incidents of torture using identical “techniques” have occurred in U.S.-run prisons from Afghanistan to Guantánamo Bay

 

 

Has a school banned the Declaration of Independence from the classroom?  Of course not.

 

December 3, 2004: Jeremy Blachman at Harvard follows his heart.

 

A legal aid attorney in Austin, Texas gives advice to law students on landing a public interest job.

 

December 1, 2004: CBS and the NBC networks are refusing to air an ad by the United Church of Christ that states “like Jesus -- the United Church of Christ seeks to welcome all people, regardless of ability, age, race, economic circumstance or sexual orientation.”  The UCC reports that “[a]ccording to a written explanation from CBS, the United Church of Christ is being denied network access because its ad implies acceptance of gay and lesbian couples -- among other minority constituencies -- and is, therefore, too ‘controversial.’"

                                        

 

 

November 30, 2004: Ernie the Attorney provides me with this link, a remarkably sane, non-lawyer writing about how to avoid litigation.

 

It should come as no great surprise that the Red Cross has reported that the U.S. used psychological and physical coercion "tantamount to torture" on Guantanamo Bay detainees and that doctors and other medical workers helped plan interrogations in “flagrant violation of medical ethics.” As Philip Carter wrote not too long ago in connection with the torture exposed at Abu Ghraib, the treatment of prisoners taken by the U.S. “wasn't a failure of implementation, as [Condoleeza] Rice and other administration defenders have admitted. It was a direct—and predictable—consequence of a policy, hatched at the highest levels of the administration, by senior White House officials and lawyers, in the weeks and months after 9/11.”

 

Re-reading the “torture memos” prepared by the administration only confirms Carter’s views.  The memos are intellectually specious.  The 2002 Department of Justice memorandum that advised torture of prisoners could be justified (the “Torture Memo”) limited the definition of “torture” to treatment that causes pain "equivalent in intensity to the pain accompanying serious physical injury, such as organ failure, impairment of bodily function, or even death.” Id. at 1.  In reaching that conclusion, Jay Bybee, the memo’s author, needed to interpret federal legislation prohibiting treatment of prisoners that caused “severe pain.” Remarkably, he looked to 42 U.S.C. §1395w-22 for that definition. Torture Memo at 5-6.  The provisions set forth in that section govern benefits under the “Medicare + Choice” plan.  It’s patently ridiculous to find illumination of the meaning of the term “severe pain” as used in a statute pertaining to torture in a statute pertaining to the regulation of an insurance scheme.  An insurance regulation naturally is going to restrict the meaning of covered terms – one of the regulation’s purposes is maintenance of the scheme’s solvency.  Moreover, the statute Bybee cites on this point does not define “severe pain,” much less restrict it to pain that is the equivalent of that causes by organ failure or death.  Rather, the only reference in the provision he cited to “severe pain” is in subsection (d)(3)(B), which states as follows:

 

The term “emergency medical condition” means a medical condition manifesting itself by acute symptoms of sufficient severity (including severe pain) such that a prudent layperson, who possesses an average knowledge of health and medicine, could reasonably expect the absence of immediate medical attention to result in—

 

(i) placing the health of the individual (or, with respect to a pregnant woman, the health of the woman or her unborn child) in serious jeopardy,

 

(ii) serious impairment to bodily functions, or

 

(iii) serious dysfunction of any bodily organ or part.

 

Bybee, incidentally, has been nominated to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

 

 

Scott Rosenberg writes that the Bush Administration proposes borrowing the trillions of dollars needed to make up the shortfall that would be created by its Social Security privatization scheme and asks why the risk posed by that level of national debt is worth it:

Meanwhile, what are we taking this huge risk for? For the sake of letting individual investors take a modest portion of their retirement money and put it into mutual funds? Of course, we've recently had a national refresher course in how the mutual fund industry works; even without crooked kickbacks and such, the service fees eat up a significant chunk of the ostensible advantage you get from investing long-term in stocks over more conservative choices. And those financial advisers who love to tout the long-term advantage of stock investments are rarely willing to come clean on the risk to retirees: Growing older is not a choice, and if you're unlucky enough to need to retire during a market downswing, you will not find much consolation in knowing that your portfolio would have averaged out a winner if you'd only had another decade or two.

In the long term, stocks may be better; but as a famous economist once said, in the long term, we're all dead, too. The long term is always iffy. That's why the best retirement safety nets are built out of safer materials than stock-market investments -- and why Social Security should be kept out of the hands of the brokers.

 

 

November 29, 2004: From JALWD, courtesy of the Seventh Circuit’s web site, Ruth Anne Robbins writes in her article “Painting with print: Incorporation concepts of typographic and layout design into the text of legal writing documents”:

 

If we accept the acknowledged science about legibility and the related concept of information retention, then we must also accept as true the conclusion that a lawyer who is able to effectively manipulate textual design will create a more credible and a more persuasive document. A visually well-designed document will enhance that document’s readability, and the author/designer will reap the benefits of a more easily comprehensible document. Thus, attorneys should keep the visual design arrow handy in their quiver of persuasive techniques.

 

Among a myriad of useful points, Professor Robbins suggests not justifying the right margin, doing away with headings in all capital letters, and using “roadmap paragraphs” and headings to help the reader better understand the relationships among subtopics.

 

 

I saw Lebron James play in person for the first time this season on Saturday night, and I came away thinking the wild praise he’s received thus far this year is deserved.  It might seem like a strange comparison, but the athlete he most reminded me of was Wayne Gretzky.  I saw Gretzky play a few times with the Edmonton Oilers against the New York Rangers back in the ‘80’s, and what the two seem to have in common is the ability to read the action going on all around them and at precisely the right moment react with lightning reflexes to make a move no one else could have anticipated. 

 

 

November 23, 2004: Michael Massing’s “Iraq, the Press, and the Election.”

 

The Bush Administration has decided that it will stand by its approval for a book claiming the Grand Canyon was created by Noah’s flood rather than by geologic forces.

 

 

November 22, 2004: It’s 41 years since one of my very first memories, but 50 to the day since the decision in Lucy v. Zehmer, the law school favorite in which the court enforced a contract written in a bar on the back of a restaurant check despite the defendant’s claim that he "was high as a Georgia pine" and that the transaction was “just a bunch of two doggoned drunks bluffing to see who could talk the biggest and say the most."

 

Maybe U2 has figured out file-sharing helps rather than hurts cd sales.

 

November 16, 2004: In acting as a designated challenger for the Democratic Party during the recent election, was I, like Ian Solomon of Yale, an unwitting party to a fraud?

 

California has adopted new Plain English jury instructions.  The complete text of the new instructions and related materials are here.  Here are examples of old and new instructions on burden of proof:

 

Old: “Preponderance of the evidence means evidence that has more convincing force than that opposed to it.  If the evidence is so evenly balanced that you are unable to say that the evidence on either side of an issue preponderates, your finding on that issue must be against the party who had the burden of proving it.”

 

New: “When I tell you that a party must prove something, I mean that the party must persuade you, by the evidence presented in court, that what he or she is trying to prove is more likely to be true than not true.  This is sometimes referred to as the ‘burden of proof.’”

 

The new instruction on the duty of care owed to children (§412) illustrates well the “plainness” the drafters were trying to achieve:

 

“An adult must anticipate the ordinary behavior of children. An adult must be more careful when dealing with children than with other adults.”

 

 

November 15, 2004: Stuart Taylor Jr. writes: “The problem with [Alberto] Gonzales is that he has been deeply involved in developing some of the most sweeping claims of near-dictatorial presidential power in our nation's history. These claims put President Bush literally above the law, allowing him to imprison and even (at least in theory) torture anyone in the world, at any time, for any reason that Bush associates with national security.”  He thus seems a worthy successor to John Ashcroft, who in his first remarks since announcing his resignation, denounced what he called "a profoundly disturbing trend" among some judges to interfere in the president's constitutional authority to make decisions during war. "The danger I see here is that intrusive judicial oversight and second-guessing of presidential determinations in these critical areas can put at risk the very security of our nation in a time of war," Ashcroft said in a speech to - who else? - the Federalist Society. 

 

These views are profoundly radical – they would have it that when it comes to the “war” on terrorism, the President is simply above the law and not subject to judicial review.  Moreover, one of the decisions Ashcroft is upset about is last week’s decision in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld holding that the hearings have to be held to determine whether the prisoners at Guantanamo should be considered prisoners of war and therefore subject to the Geneva Convention. In short, a judge had held that at "a time of war" our captured enemies might be "prisoners of war."   So it’s a “war” when we’re talking about presidential power and about the “war on terror,” but the administration would prefer it not be considered a “war” when it comes to applying the Geneva Convention.  My father was a POW in Germany in World War II.  He attributes his still being alive to the Geneva Convention and is livid that the Bush administration is fighting its application to people we capture.  Who exactly is supporting our troops in this matter?

 

Malcolm Gladwell has an interesting piece in the New Yorker on art and plagiarism:

Intellectual-property doctrine isn’t a straightforward application of the ethical principle “Thou shalt not steal.” At its core is the notion that there are certain situations where you can steal. The protections of copyright, for instance, are time-limited; once something passes into the public domain, anyone can copy it without restriction. Or suppose that you invented a cure for breast cancer in your basement lab. Any patent you received would protect your intellectual property for twenty years, but after that anyone could take your invention. You get an initial monopoly on your creation because we want to provide economic incentives for people to invent things like cancer drugs. But everyone gets to steal your breast-cancer cure—after a decent interval—because it is also in society’s interest to let as many people as possible copy your invention; only then can others learn from it, and build on it, and come up with better and cheaper alternatives. This balance between the protecting and the limiting of intellectual property is, in fact, enshrined in the Constitution: “Congress shall have the power to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited”—note that specification, limited—“Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.”  So is it true that words belong to the person who wrote them, just as other kinds of property belong to their owners? Actually, no.

 

November 12, 2004: As I mentioned on June 10, when he was counsel to then Governer Bush, Alberto Gonzalez, the nominee to be chief law enforcement officer of the land, prepared 57 confidential memos on the merits of granting death-row inmates clemency.  56 of the inmates were executed.  As Philip Carter writes in Slate, the memos “would have barely earned a passing grade in law school, let alone satisfy the requirements of a job in which life and death were at stake. Perhaps more important, these early memos from Texas revealed Gonzales' startling willingness to sacrifice rigorous legal analysis to achieve pre-ordained policy results at the drop of a Stetson.”  As Alan Berlow wrote in the Atlantic Monthly (subscription required) the memos reflect "an extraordinarily narrow notion of clemency." They appear to have excluded, for instance, factors such as "mental illness or incompetence, childhood physical or sexual abuse, remorse, rehabilitation, racial discrimination in jury selection, the competence of the legal defense, or disparities in sentences between co-defendants or among defendants convicted of similar crimes."  In reporting on Berlow’s article on Findlaw, John Dean writes:Take the case of Terry Washington, a thirty-three-year-old mentally retarded man with the communications skills of a seven-year-old executed in 1997. Gonzales's clemency memo, according to Berlow, did not even mention his mental retardation, or his lawyer's failure to call, at trial, for the testimony of a mental health expert on this issue. Nor did it mention that the jury never heard about Washington's history of child abuse; he was one of ten children, all of whom ‘were regularly beaten with whips, water hoses, extension cords, wire hangers, and fan belts.’"  One of the Gonzalez memos is here.

One thing is certain about Gonzales, who is widely rumored to be in line for appointment by Bush to the Supreme Court: he doesn’t have much of a paper trail.  Thus far, I have only been able to locate 21 opinions he wrote as a justice of the Texas Supreme Court.  Only one of those is politically notable, and not in a way liberals might fear.  In In Re Jane Doe, 19 S.W.3d 346 (Tex. 2000), Gonzalez concurred in a decision holding a minor had the right to seek an abortion without her parents’ consent.  None of the other Gonzalez opinions I’ve located betray any particular political bent.  In light of both his failure to take the anti-abortion position in Doe and the absence of a paper trail, it shouldn’t be entirely surprising that, as Jeffrey Toobin wrote in the New Yorker in 2003, “around the Federalist Society . . .  the joke goes that ‘Alberto Gonzalez is Spanish for David Souter.’”

 

November 12, 2004: As I mentioned on June 10, when he was counsel to then Governer Bush, Alberto Gonzalez, the nominee to be chief law enforcement officer of the land, prepared 57 confidential memos on the merits of granting death-row inmates clemency.  56 of the inmates were executed.  As Philip Carter writes in Slate, the memos “would have barely earned a passing grade in law school, let alone satisfy the requirements of a job in which life and death were at stake. Perhaps more important, these early memos from Texas revealed Gonzales' startling willingness to sacrifice rigorous legal analysis to achieve pre-ordained policy results at the drop of a Stetson.”  As Alan Berlow wrote in the Atlantic Monthly (subscription required) the memos reflect "an extraordinarily narrow notion of clemency." They appear to have excluded, for instance, factors such as "mental illness or incompetence, childhood physical or sexual abuse, remorse, rehabilitation, racial discrimination in jury selection, the competence of the legal defense, or disparities in sentences between co-defendants or among defendants convicted of similar crimes."  In reporting on Berlow’s article on Findlaw, John Dean writes:Take the case of Terry Washington, a thirty-three-year-old mentally retarded man with the communications skills of a seven-year-old executed in 1997. Gonzales's clemency memo, according to Berlow, did not even mention his mental retardation, or his lawyer's failure to call, at trial, for the testimony of a mental health expert on this issue. Nor did it mention that the jury never heard about Washington's history of child abuse; he was one of ten children, all of whom ‘were regularly beaten with whips, water hoses, extension cords, wire hangers, and fan belts.’"  One of the Gonzalez memos is here.

One thing is certain about Gonzales, who is widely rumored to be in line for appointment by Bush to the Supreme Court: he doesn’t have much of a paper trail.  Thus far, I have only been able to locate 21 opinions he wrote as a justice of the Texas Supreme Court.  Only one of those is politically notable, and not in a way liberals might fear.  In In Re Jane Doe, 19 S.W.3d 346 (Tex. 2000), Gonzalez concurred in a decision holding a minor had the right to seek an abortion without her parents’ consent.  None of the other Gonzalez opinions I’ve located betray any particular political bent.  In light of both his failure to take the anti-abortion position in Doe and the absence of a paper trail, it shouldn’t be entirely surprising that, as Jeffrey Toobin wrote in the New Yorker in 2003, “around the Federalist Society . . .  the joke goes that ‘Alberto Gonzalez is Spanish for David Souter.’”

 

November 11, 2004: Lebron!

 

November 10, 2004: In response to my reference yesterday to Jonathan Cohn’s article on Social Security privatization, a friend wrote: “But what does one say to people who are ideologically opposed on a fundamental level to anything that has to do with the program, or the New Deal in general, in the first place?  To people who in response to "The idea of Social Security was to insulate the elderly from the whims of the stock market and business cycle by guaranteeing a safe income," would just say that it is not the government's job to insulate people from the market?  That it is their family's responsibility to look after them, not the government? Their response to "Social Security was also deliberately redistributive" would be equally hostile, likely saying that redistribution is fundamentally unjust, communist even.  I have no clue how to argue this issue when faced with that kind of ideological reponse.”

 

All I could muster in return was the following: My argument to them is simply the question: what do you do then about the destitute elderly?  What do you do when there's a stock market crash that wipes out an elderly person's savings (as happened to so many in 1929)?  The New Deal wasn't a putsch by socialists - it was a reasoned response to economic disaster, the kind of economic disaster that's been averted since in part because of the safeguards the New Deal put into place.

 

 

There’s nothing unusual about my wish that Ohio would follow California’s lead and try to promote the development of stem cell research. Former Massachusetts House Speaker Thomas M. Finneran, who opposed embryonic stem cell research while on Beacon Hill, now says state lawmakers should support the research in order for the Bay State to keep up with California.

 

 

Do you really want to understand those maps of Red and Blue America?

 

 

Back to matters of language: the Canberra (Australia) Society of Editors on “A Singular Use of They.”

 

November 9, 2004:  Ohio election officials said Monday that they would begin this week the final count of 155,428 provisional ballots and an unknown number of overseas absentee ballots that were cast in the presidential election. According to the preliminary tally, which included all domestic absentee ballots, Sen. John F. Kerry lost Ohio by 136,483 votes, Secretary of State J. Kenneth Blackwell said.”

 

Jonathan Cohn on Social Security “privatization”:

When Franklin Roosevelt enacted the program as part of the New Deal, large portions of the nation's elderly were living in poverty because many had not saved enough during their working lives, and even those who had saved frequently lost money on bad stock market investments. The idea of Social Security was to insulate the elderly from the whims of the stock market and business cycle by guaranteeing a safe income. Social Security was also deliberately redistributive, paying out relatively higher benefits to those with lower incomes as another hedge against the fact that chance (whether in the form of bad business luck or poor inherited skills) left some people destitute as they entered old age.

So the first question to ask of any proposed reform is whether it would similarly remain true to the program's founding ideals. When it comes to private account schemes, the answer is "no." At a time when many Americans already fret over how recent Wall Street dips affected their 401(k) plans, privatization would tether their financial security even more closely to the economy and stock market. In general, privatization schemes envision people converting their accounts into annuities (which pay out a fixed sum of money every year) once they reach retirement age. But that means people who retire at the bottom of a bear market will be locked into benefits much lower than those who retire at the top of a bull market.

 

November 8, 2004: I was wrong about Ohio.  I’m beginning to think Katha Pollit is right when she writes:

Maybe this time the voters chose what they actually want: Nationalism, pre-emptive war, order not justice, "safety" through torture, backlash against women and gays, a gulf between haves and have-nots, government largesse for their churches and a my-way-or-the-highway President.

 

Michael Kinsley writes:

So, yes, okay, fine. I'm a terrible person -- barely a person at all, really, and certainly not a real American -- because I voted for the losing candidate on Tuesday. If you insist -- and you do -- I will rethink my fundamental beliefs from scratch because they are shared by only 47 percent of the electorate.

 

And please let me, or any other liberal, know if there is anything else we can do to abase ourselves. Abandon our core values? Pander to yours? Not a problem. Happy to do it. Anything, anything at all, to stop this shower of helpful advice.

 

There's just one little request I have. If it's not too much trouble, of course. Call me profoundly misguided if you want. Call me immoral if you must. But could you please stop calling me arrogant and elitist?

 

I mean, look at it this way. (If you don't mind, that is.) It's true that people on my side of the divide want to live in a society where women are free to choose abortion and where gay relationships have full civil equality with straight ones. And you want to live in a society where the opposite is true. These are some of those conflicting values everyone is talking about. But at least my values -- as deplorable as I'm sure they are -- don't involve any direct imposition on you. We don't want to force you to have an abortion or to marry someone of the same gender, whereas you do want to close out those possibilities for us. Which is more arrogant?

 

We on my side of the great divide don't, for the most part, believe that our values are direct orders from God. We don't claim that they are immutable and beyond argument. We are, if anything, crippled by reason and open-mindedness, by a desire to persuade rather than insist. Which philosophy is more elitist? Which is more contemptuous of people who disagree?

 

As many conservative voices have noted, American society suffers from a cult of grievance. To put it crudely, everyone wants some of what blacks got from the civil rights movement: sympathy, publicity, occasional preferred treatment and a general ability to put everybody else on the defensive. No doubt liberals are responsible for this deplorable situation, and I apologize. Again and again. As a softheaded liberal, I even like the idea that our competitive culture has a built-in consolation prize.

 

But be fair! (A liberal whine, I know. Sorry.) Don't assert the prerogatives of victory and then claim the compensations of defeat as well. You can't oppress us and simultaneously complain that we are oppressing you.

 

Well of course you can do this, if you want. Who's to stop you? I just kinda wish you wouldn't. If you don't mind my asking. Thanks. Sorry.

 

The stem cell lines available for federally-funded research in the US have characteristics which mean they may never be used for medical treatments in humans, a new study suggests.  Last week’s vote by Californians to spend $3 billion on human embryonic stem cell research could speed progress on the promising but controversial field and make the state the epicenter of such research.  Seems to me Ohio would a lot better off economically if its citizens voted to fund stem cell research rather than voting to ban state and local government employers from granting partnership benefits to the same-sex partners of their employees.  And Wired News explains what happens to the unused embryos from fertility clinics engaged in in vitro fertilization.

 

 

November 3, 2004: Yesterday I spent from 6:15am until 8:45pm at the Abyssinian Tower, an apartment building at the corner of Superior Ave. and 105th Street in Cleveland.  While my “adversary,” Mike, had been registered by the Republicans as a designated challenger, the day before the election he had undergone a brief training by the Board of Elections and was designated as an “elections inspector,” no doubt so the Republicans could deploy him to the polling place even if it had turned out the courts would not permit designated challengers.  During the first half of the day he was equivocal about whether he was in fact a designated challenger.  By the end of the day, when he began objecting to my helping voters out with how to use the voting “technology,” he was denying entirely that he was a designated challenger.  He did admit to me, however, that he didn’t know whether he would’ve been permitted in the polling place had the 6th Circuit not permitted designated challengers early Tuesday morning.  I suspect the gradual shedding of his designated challenger identity was motivated in part by telephone calls from on high as the day wore on and the enormous turnout became clear.

 

The turnout was tremendous – 609 voters in the two precincts at the Abyssinian Tower.  There wasn’t a moment between 6:30am and 7pm when there wasn’t a line, and at times the wait was in excess of 90 minutes.  The “technology” simply couldn’t bear the burden.  There were too few machines, and the machines themselves are archaic punch card machines, at least a couple of which didn’t work.  The poll workers themselves were outstanding, but again, woefully overburdened.  This is no way to run an election for the most powerful office in the world.  And anyone who designs voting machines ought to have to spend 13 hours helping people rushing to get to work or pick up kids vote on those machines.  

 

The anticipated challenging simply didn’t happen.  Rather, both Mike and I really were just another set of much needed hands to help out.  The voters themselves were determined, and the number of apparent first time voters, both young and middle-aged, was astounding.  A few people were impatient with the long lines, but even they were only vociferously voicing complaints that were well founded. 

 

Small consolations department:

 

     Between 72% and 78% of Jews voted for Kerry.

 

     Cuyahoga County went 66.4% Kerry, 33% Bush.

 

November 2, 2004: 6am: The Sixth Circuit reversed the lower courts and held that designated challengers can appear at the polls.  I’m off to the polls . . . 

 

November 1, 2004: Early this morning, U.S. District Judge Susan Dlott for the Southern District of Ohio found that the application of Ohio's statute allowing “designated challengers” at polling places is unconstitutional.  The judge’s order is here.  The  Republicans plan to appeal to the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals.  I received my assignment as a designated challenger from the Democratic Party on Saturday.  I was assigned to a polling place in a ward of Cleveland that is overwhelmingly African-American.  No doubt my Election Day would have been busy (and may still be) trying to minimize what has appeared to be a determined Republican effort to challenge voters despite the limited basis on which such challenges are permitted to be made.  As I wrote on October 27, the only grounds for a challenge are contentions that the voter is not a U.S. citizen, has not been a resident of Ohio for 30 days, is not a resident of the county in which he is trying to vote, or is not 18.  If such a challenge is made, the voter can answer the challenge by affirming under oath that he satisfies the requirements.  He does not need an i.d. of any sort.  If he is not on the rolls but contends he should be, he can vote by means of a provisional ballot, the validity of which will be subsequently verified.  There doesn’t seem any reason poll workers can handle these matters without the help of designated challengers.  Moreover, the fact the statute permitting challengers was enacted in 1886 would lead one to believe it was designed to allow exactly what the Republicans would seem to be planning to use challengers for in 2004: to depress African-American turnout.

Some interesting matters from Judge Dlott’s order (the “Order”):  at least one Republican challenger testified that he had been instructed to challenge voters who had requested absentee ballots and that he had not received Secretary of State Ken Blackwell’s memorandum setting forth instructions covering challengers.  A challenge based on receipt of an absentee ballot is not a challenge permitted under the applicable statute. Order at 7.  In fact, the witness did not know who had compiled the list of voters he was instructed to challenge or whether the list was reliable.  The statute requires that any challenge be based on the personal knowledge of the challenger.  Order at 8.  It’s no wonder that Judge Dlott found that

 

“[i]n the absence of any statutory guidance whatsoever governing the procedures and limitations for challenging voters by challengers, and the questionable enforceability of the State’s and County’s policies regarding good faith challenges and ejection of disruptive challengers from the polls, there exists an enormous risk of chaos, delay, intimidation, and pandemonium inside the polls and in the lines out the door. . . . . The Ohio Legislature is mindful of how important every minute is on election day: no voter is allowed to occupy a voting compartment or use a voting machine more than five minutes when all the voting compartments or machines are in use and voters are waiting to occupy them. Ohio Rev. Code § 3505.23. The sheer number of people present in and around the polling place, the unprecedented number of newly registered voters, and the presence of inexperienced challengers, lacking any significant training and limited by precinct workers who have never before had to deal with such a situation, creates an extraordinary and potentially disastrous risk of intimidation and delay. Such intimidation and delay are virtually certain given the complete confusion among designated challengers and even between the two top elections officials of Ohio as to how this process will actually work. As voters see long lines looming and people being questioned ahead of them. Voter intimidation severely burdens the right to vote, and prevention of such intimidation is a compelling state interest. Burson v. Freeman, 504 U.S. 191, 206 (1992). This Court finds that the presence of vast numbers of challengers inexperienced in the electoral process, under these conditions, imposes a severe burden on the right to vote of individual voters and of Ohio voters at large. Order at 11-13 (footnotes omitted).

Judge Dlott’s order applies to all 88 Ohio counties, according to Carlo LoParo, a spokesman for Secretary of State Ken Blackwell.

Meanwhile, U.S. District Judge John Adams for the Northern District of Ohio has issued an order enjoining designated challengers from challenging voters’ qualifications.  Adams order states:

 

The public interest is best served if the Court prohibits Defendants from implementing the portions of § 3505.20 that permit challenges by appointed challengers. The compelling purposes behind § 3505.20 – to prevent voter fraud and ensure that only qualified electors vote – are not thwarted by such a prohibition. Under the Court’s ruling, the election officials to whom § 3505.20 refers are permitted to challenge voter eligibility on the basis of citizenship, age, and residency, and thus provide adequate assurance that only individuals meeting the voter eligibility requirements of § 3503.01 cast ballots on November 2. Accordingly, the public interest in unimpeded access to the ballots is achieved without sacrificing the State’s interest in preventing voter fraud.

 

Though Adams’ ruling, like Judge Dlott’s, prevents challengers from making challenges, Republicans said Adams' ruling would allow them to still be in the polling places. In that case, challengers would plan "to observe, to be vigilant, to take notes."

So, I don’t know whether I’ll be a designated challenger tomorrow or not, and I’m not sure at all when I will, though there’s still the possibility the Sixth Circuit will clarify matters.

 

October 29, 2004:  Bruuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuce!  He’ll be in Cleveland with Kerry on the Mall downtown at 6pm on Monday.

 

The Ohio Republican party has mounted a major effort to challenge 23,000 new voter registrations. On Wednesday, Judge Susan J. Dlott of Federal District Court in Cincinnati temporarily blocked hearings for those challenges in six counties, including the state's two largest, Cuyahoga and Franklin.  In addition, in “Akron on Thursday, Summit County election officials dismissed all 976 challenges and gave those voters immunity from challenge on Election Day as well. Even Republican members of the county election board were critical of the state party after an angry hearing:

"’The state party made us look bad,’ said Alex Arshinkoff, the county Republican chairman and one of two Republican members of the board of elections. He said the party's failure to provide evidence had allowed the Democrats to shift the burden of proof to the challengers instead of the challenged.”  According to the Akron Beacon Journal, Arshinkoff compared the proceedings to a ``train wreck'' and said representatives from the Ohio Republican Party should have been at the hearing to defend the lists of challenges that it prepared.

 An e-mail I received this morning from Ohio Secretary of State Ken Blackwell:

The Help America Vote Act and recent federal court decisions have affirmed Ohio's long-standing requirement that your vote will be counted only if it is cast in the right precinct. Contact your county Board of Elections or go to our website at www.YourVoteCountsOhio.org to make sure you know where to vote, or for other helpful voting information.

 

The real point of the e-mail seems to be to trumpet Blackwell’s litigation success in the 6th Circuit that I referred to yesterday. YourVoteCountsOhio.org doesn’t actually prove very helpful in telling you where you’re supposed to vote.  The best it does for me is give me and e-mail and telephone number for the Cuyahoga County Board of Elections and instructions to contact the board if I have any questions.  The line was busy when I tried to call it.  There’s a shock.  So: your vote counts, but you better be in the right place, and we’re not going to help you find it.

 

Lorain Democratic Rep. Sherrod Brown on Thursday agreed to step down as a presidential elector for John Kerry after discovering the U.S. Constitution bars federal officeholders from the largely ceremonial role.

 

Ohio lawyers hard at work.

 

And it’s no wonder:

“Residents of Ohio's largest county, Cuyahoga, who are voting by absentee ballot this year have to solve a brainteaser. They were each given a ballot with candidates' names, arrows pointing to the right and small numbers. And they each got a punch card with hundreds of little boxes and a number inside each one. A voter is supposed to ignore the arrows on the ballot - which appear to be there by mistake - and punch out the chad in the box on the punch card whose number corresponds to the candidate selected. If, instead, the voter follows the arrow and punches out the chad in the box it points to - as would someone voting in person, with a machine to align the ballot and punch card - that vote could be counted for the wrong candidate, or no candidate. Ohio is a critical swing state, with 20 electoral votes and dead-even polls. The more than 75,000 absentee ballots that have been requested in Cuyahoga County, which includes Cleveland, could decide the election. Although the ballots include instructions that theoretically guide people on how to use them properly, the county elections board has been fielding calls from confused voters. There is no way of knowing how many voters are simply punching the wrong holes and mailing their ballots.”

 

Can we make it official yet?  U.S. election procedures are a shambles.  How about a uniform federal set of procedures, voting machines, and oversight?

October 28, 2004: Before you get caught up in the predictive power of “election markets,” read this.

A federal judge ruled for Democrats Wednesday and stopped election officials from conducting hearings in Cuyahoga and Medina counties to question thousands of voters whose eligibility to cast ballots has been challenged by the Ohio Republican Party. Officials said most of the disputed voter registrations - 17,000 to 18,000 - are in Cuyahoga County, where an unprecedented series of hearings were scheduled to start today at the Cleveland Convention Center.“

Diana Botluk’s Election Concerns: Will Your Vote Count?  Are You Sure?

Last week the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that voters using provisional ballots to vote in Ohio (because for some reason their names don’t show up on the rolls of registered voters at the polling place) must do so in the precinct in which they reside.  That is all well and good, but one thing I’ve learned already in my role as a designated challenger is that there’s no reliable way for an Ohio voter to easily determine where the polling place is for the precinct in which he resides.  Inter Alia usefully, I thought, directed me to MyPollingPlace.com, but when I punched in my own address the site stated it had not received any information from my precinct and directed me to the Ohio Elections Website.  That site has a lot of information (and lots of pictures of Ohio Secretary of State Ken Blackwell), but no apparent guide to where individual voters are supposed to go to vote.  You might argue that when you register you get a card specifying your polling place, and that’s true (I know mine), but when you move in Ohio you can change your registration by going to your new precinct (the one in which you now reside), affirming your new address, and voting.  Your registration will then be changed. 

     These problems with simple things – where do I vote? – make me wonder a lot why we don’t have uniform election standards across the country.  I know elections are traditionally matters delegated to the states, but isn’t it time that we knew that one vote in this country counted as one vote no matter where it was cast?

More on the training of Ohio poll workers.

October 27, 2004: I am a Democratic Party “designated challenger” for Cuyahoga County.  Ohio law permits candidates to appoint such challengers, who “shall be permitted to be in and about the polling place during the casting of the ballots and . . . to watch every proceeding of the judges and clerks of elections from the time of the opening until the closing of the polls.” The turnout for last night’s training session was impressive, overflowing the pews at a Unitarian church a mile from my home.  There were at least 200 people, so many the organizers, who admitted they were “floored” by the crowd, were short on materials.  The term “designated challenger” is in fact a misnomer.  Our goal is to maximize votes, not legal challenges to votes.  One could say we’re really intended to counter the Republican “designated challengers,” who many believe are intended primarily to discourage voters.  As the Akron Beacon Journal wrote last week: “Once a voter is challenged, he or she must take an oath and then answer questions posed by the presiding poll worker who formally records the responses. The sight of all this, or the resulting delay, may lead those still in line to bolt, choosing not to vote even though their registration may be all in order.”  The only grounds for a challenge are contentions that the voter is not a U.S. citizen, has not been a resident of Ohio for 30 days, is not a resident of the county in which he is trying to vote, or he is not 18.  If such a challenge is made, the voter can answer them by affirming under oath that he satisfies the requirements.  If he is not on the rolls but contends he should be, he can vote by means of a provisional ballot, the validity of which will be subsequently verified.  In our efforts to thwart excessive challenges by the Republicans, for each challenge we will ask the challenger the factual basis for his challenge.  Why, for example, does he think the voter is not a U.S. citizen?    

 

     We also are there to make sure the poll workers do something they’re required to do this year: tell the voter to clean the chads off their ballots.     

 

On Monday evening, Kerry will appear with Bruce Springsteen in Cleveland at a venue yet to be determined.

 

October 26, 2004: Mounting evidence that Kerry will win . . . . At the Cleveland Plain Dealer, the editorial staff voted 5-2 to endorse Kerry, but the publisher wants Bush and originally was reported to have announced the paper would endorse him.  The result?  We make no endorsement for president this year.”  The Plain Dealer thus joins such courageous stalwarts of the media as the Tampa Tribune, which explained last week “Why We Cannot Endorse Bush for Re-Election.  Seems to me some support Bush normally could count on in swing states isn’t there.  And on Sunday, I attended an enthusiastic Jews for Kerry rally here in Cleveland with Cam Kerry (John’s brother, who converted to Judaism 25 years ago when he married his wife), Charles Schumer, Carl Levin, and Alan Dershowitz.  This is a crowd that wonders what the hell people mean when they ask “Is Ohio still God’s country? 

 

Richard McCann, a retired swift boat officer who served with John Kerry in Vietnam, appears here at Case School of Law (in room 157) at noon tomorrow.  Back in August McCann wrote:

I was one of the Swift boat veterans not interviewed by John E. O'Neill for his book, "Unfit for Command," no doubt because I have positive recollections of Mr. Kerry. During our time in the service together, I found Mr. Kerry to be a brave and honorable man, never refusing an order, always willing to put himself in harm's way to engage the enemy.

By questioning Mr. Kerry's military service, these veterans - and the people backing them - are dishonoring only themselves.

 

 Michah Schwarzman of Crooked Timber has a thoughtful piece on Richard Posner’s recent repetition of long-standing criticisms of law reviews.

 

October 25, 2004: Former Bush voters explain why they’re voting for Kerry.

More than one person has suggested that it’s not fun living in Ohio but, rather, embarrassing because Ohioans should know better than anyone how bad Bush’s policies have been for Ohioans.  I think Ohioans do.  That’s why I think Kerry will win.  As Edmund S. Morgan wrote last week, we the voters are ultimately responsible for what goes on in our name:

In the wake of the many scandals that have disgraced our government in the last four years, who is accountable? Will the secretary of defense be dismissed because of what happened at Abu Ghraib? Will the attorney general be dismissed for what is happening at Guantánamo Bay? Will the secretary of the interior be dismissed for handing national treasures to corporate looters? Will the secretary of state bear responsibility for refusal to participate in efforts of the rest of the world to keep the planet inhabitable? Will the President of the United States disavow what his handpicked agents have done on his watch?

We all know the answers. But in the eyes of the world the ultimate accountability lies not with the President or his men. In the end it lies with the sovereign people of the United States. The government is our government, resting on our choices and supported in all its activities by our taxes. We may claim with some reason that the last election was stolen, but we have had to accept the result. In the last analysis people get the government they deserve, and ours, more directly than most, is the product of our choice. We have been credited, rightly, for what it has done in the past, for standing up, however belatedly, to the Nazis, for assisting the recovery of Europe under the Marshall Plan, for containing the threat of imperial communism. We cannot now escape credit for what our government has so shamefully done. We began as a people with "a decent respect for the opinions of mankind," and we won admiration for it. We have now lost the good opinion of mankind and with it the self-respect of decent Americans.

It may take many years to recover what we have lost. We cannot restore the lives lost in Iraq, the lives of our soldiers, none of whom deserved to die for us, and the many more lives of the people we have professed to liberate in a war fought under false pretenses. But we can dismiss the people responsible for the other horrors committed in our name. Our self-respect, and the respect of the rest of the world for us as a people, hang on the next election. The damage now being done can be stopped. Some of it can be reversed. But the longer it goes on the less reversible it becomes. Seldom has our future as a people been in greater jeopardy. If we continue the heedless destruction of everything the United States has stood for in the past, we will rightly be held accountable, not only by the rest of the world but by our own grandchildren and their grandchildren for generations to come.

 

There are two and only two memorable decisions George W. Bush made as “owner” of the Texas Rangers.  He traded Sammy Sosa, and he was the only major league owner who voted against the wild card playoff format, declaring at the time that “History will prove me right.”

 

October 22, 2004: It is fun living in the eye of the election storm.  I’ve seen Bruce Springsteen play his own solo guitar version of the Star Spangled Banner (reminding me of  Jeff Bridges’ rant in Masked & Anonymous that Jimi Hendrix’ own electric version at Woodstock was a proud announcement that he – in all his glorious blackness and freakiness -- was an American too), I watched the Vice Presidential debate on outdoor big screens on the grounds of the university that employs me, John Edwards came out at 11:30pm that same night for a campaign rally, political ads dominate the airwaves, every other day it seems I’m polled at home by telephone (though some of the polls, of course, are not polls at all but, rather, thinly disguised propaganda), and I’m lined up to help along with a crew of other lawyers on election day.  But I have no idea how things are going to turn out.   There is, however, growing optimism among Kerry supporters here, particularly I think because of the number of new voter registrations, especially in the predominantly Democratic Cuyahoga County.

 

October 20, 2004: Defeat Issue 1! On November 2 Ohio voters consider Issue 1, which is a proposed state constitutional amendment stating as follows: "This state and its political subdivisions shall not create or recognize a legal status for relationships of unmarried individuals that intends to approximate the design, qualities, significance or effect of marriage."  It’s no wonder Ohio’s Republican governor and two Republican senators have come out against Issue 1.  As Phil Martin writes:

Issue 1, if passed by voters, would add a so-called “same-sex marriage ban” to Ohio’s Constitution. At least that’s how supporters of Issue 1 would like to portray the proposed amendment. In reality, however, Issue 1 is not about banning gay marriage in Ohio—the state already has a “Defense of Marriage” law that does just that.

Issue 1 could have been a gay marriage ban, if the supporters had asked voters to approve just the first sentence of the two-sentence proposal. That sentence reads: “Only a union between one man and one woman may be a marriage valid in or recognized by this state and its political subdivisions.”

And you know what? If that was all that appeared on the proposal, the supporters of Issue 1 would win approval in a landslide. In states like Missouri and Louisiana voters have overwhelmingly supported similar constitutional amendments (with 70 percent and 83 percent approval, respectively). Polls in Ohio show that more than two-thirds of voters would easily vote for it as well. Most Ohioans clearly don’t feel that gay people should be able to legally get married.

But the supporters of Issue 1 didn’t leave well enough alone. Instead of going with a sure-win, one-sentence amendment, they added the second sentence, which reads: “This state and its political subdivisions shall not create or recognize a legal status for relationships of unmarried individuals that intends to approximate the design, qualities, significance or effect of marriage.”

Besides being poorly written, that sentence opens a big ol’ can of worms—worms that the supporters of Issue 1 don’t want voters to focus on or learn about. That one sentence is the Achilles heel of their proposal.

It’s one thing to ban gay marriage (sentence one). It’s a totally different thing to ban anything that any unmarried couple (gay or straight) can possibly do to legally solidify their relationship (sentence two).

Because it’s so broadly written, the second sentence of the proposal leads to a lot of potential problems here in the Buckeye state. For example:

• If a man beats his live-in girlfriend, will she be protected by Ohio’s domestic violence laws (as she currently is)?

• If a 72-year-old woman has medical power of attorney for her 77-year-old partner, and he’s hospitalized with a serious illness at Ohio State, will the hospital allow her to make any decisions in his healthcare (even though that’s what he wanted)?

• Will the hospital even allow the woman to visit him (since she’s not his next of kin and they aren’t married)?

• Will the state of Ohio recognize last wills and testaments that leave the property of one person in a relationship to the surviving partner if they aren’t legally married? Or will those wills now be open to challenges from family members, thus leaving the grieving survivor out in the cold?

• Will unmarried people be allowed to adopt children?

• Will the state still be able to go after deadbeat dads who never married their child’s mother, for economic support?

• Will employees of the state of Ohio get maternity leave if they are single?

• Since a large number of Fortune 500 companies offer domestic partnership rights to their employees, do you think they will see Ohio as a friendly place to bring new jobs?

• What’s going to happen to all of the companies in Ohio that already offer domestic partnership benefits to their employees (like the three largest private employers in Franklin County: the Limited, Nationwide and J.P. Morgan Chase)? Can they still offer the benefits? Or will they, at the behest of their employees, start to look to other states to relocate?

• How many people who now have health insurance will suddenly lose it? (And guess who ends up picking up the tab when these newly uninsured folks come down with a catastrophic illness—Ohio taxpayers.)

 • Will an unmarried couple even be allowed to purchase a home together?

When confronted with questions like this, Phil Burress, chair of the Ohio Campaign to Protect Marriage (the group pushing for Issue 1), answered in a September 24 Columbus Dispatch article: “That’s a question lawyers will have to debate.”

Yup, the lawyers are going to have to figure out a whole lot of things if Issue 1 passes. And it’s going to cost taxpayers millions of dollars, since we’re the ones who will pay to defend Ohio’s new constitutional amendment.

 

October 15, 2004: Paul Sheridan raises some interesting questions about Dick Cheney’s call for limits on remedies for personal injury plaintiffs:

In September 2003, while promoting trial attorney Lisa Murkowski for the U.S. Senate, Cheney exclaimed, "We need legal reform because the strength of our economy is undermined by frivolous lawsuits." But before resigning as CEO to pursue public service, Cheney's Halliburton filed more than 150 lawsuits during 1995 through 1999, averaging about 30 per year. In one lawsuit, multi-billion-dollar Halliburton sued Viking Trucking in small claims court for $1,500. Frivolous?

While Cheney denounces lawyers who represent taxpayers in lawsuits against business, he relishes the lawyers who argued at the U.S. Supreme Court against a Florida recount in the 2000 election.

My research found no disdain by Cheney for lawyers who are defending Kenneth Lay, the man responsible for destroying the retirement lives of thousands of Enron employees.

Cheney had no problem with the lawyers and the "shredding parties" of early 2001, turning the Enron-Cheney-Taliban memos into decoupage just before 9/11.

The American Trial Lawyers Association explains, "The Bush-Cheney folks love lawyers. They love lawyers who represent Enron and Firestone and the tobacco industry. The lawyers they don't like are the lawyers who represent people who are injured through no fault of their own."

October 14, 2004: At least 11 al-Qaeda suspects have “disappeared” in U.S. custody, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. U.S. officials are holding the detainees in undisclosed locations, where some have reportedly been tortured. The 46-page report, “The United States’ ‘Disappeared’: The CIA’s Long-Term ‘Ghost Detainees,’” describes how the Central Intelligence Agency is holding al-Qaeda suspects in “secret locations,” reportedly outside the United States, with no notification to their families, no access to the International Committee of the Red Cross or oversight of any sort of their treatment, and in some cases, no acknowledgement that they are even being held. . . .  International treaties ratified by the United States prohibit incommunicado detention of persons in secret locations. The Geneva Conventions require that the International Committee of the Red Cross have access to all detainees and that information on those detained be provided to their relatives. Under international human rights law, detainees must be held in recognized places of detention and be able to communicate with lawyers and family members.”  

 

October 11, 2004: Jacques Derrida died last Friday.

Now available online: The Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas, edited by Philip P. Wiener and published by Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, in 1973-74.

October 8, 2004: Paul Bremer writes in today’s New York Times that his belief the U.S. used too few troops in the Iraq invasion is meaningless because the rejection of his view by Bush was simply an honest disagreement on one matter and that on every other conceivable issue concerning the “War on Terror” he is a zealous supporter of administration decisions.  He misses the real significance of his understanding of needed troop levels: the failures of this war – including the U.S. failure yet to secure anything resembling the degree of peace necessary to civic stability, much less the absence of flower-throwing crowds expressing an enthusiastic embrace of democracy – were not only predictable, they were predicted. 

 

This administration, in short, is incompetent, and people like Tom Friedman who are only realizing it now, after we’re $200 billion dollars and over a thousand dead into a war against a country that posed little threat to us, deeply frustrate me.  The problem is from the beginning Bush has based policy not on good advice (like Bremer’s on troop levels), but instead on whether the chosen policy will reward his administration’s friends.

 

Fifty Billion” sings The Billionaires are in the House. See the video too.

 

Salon’s War Room warns us that when Bush tells us tonight that in September 96,000 thousand jobs last month, that Kerry’s tax plan will increase taxes on 900,000 small business owners, and that Kerry’s health care plan will require 8 million Americans to change their health care coverage, he’ll be leaving out the context: this country needs 150,000 jobs a month to keep up with population growth, Kerry’s tax plan will not raise taxes on 32 million small business owners, and 235 million Americans won’t have to change their health coverage under Kerry’s health plan. 

 

October 7, 2004: Tort Reform? “The numbers show that lawsuits are an insignificant cost both to businesses and to health providers, for whom they represent less than 2 percent of spending. In short, the lawsuit-abuse crisis is a hoax. Yet the Republican right has launched one of the great propaganda blitzes of recent American history to yank the teeth from the civil jury.”

The truth is, there is hardly an area of life that will not be affected by the judicial appointments made in the coming years. Will the courts continue to dismantle your right to sue state governments in federal courts? By 5 to 4, the Supreme Court decided that federal protections against age discrimination don't apply to state workers. (More recently it upheld the Americans with Disabilities Act--insofar as it applied to the right of citizens not to have to crawl up the courthouse steps.) On the same states' rights theory, by 5 to 4 it threw out parts of the Violence Against Women Act. The Patriot Act? Immigrants' rights? The environment? Ballot issues, à la Florida? Whom do you want in charge of choosing the men and women who will decide the big questions sure to arise?”

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2004 was awarded yesterday to Elfriede Jelinek, an Austrian novelist, poet, playwright, and translator.

 

October 6, 2004: Benjamin Friedman in the New York Review of Books explains that a fundamental difference between Kerry and Bush is that Bush’s domestic policies reward income earned on investments while Kerry’s reward income earned from work:

 

Judging from the economic proposals that the two candidates have offered, and in President Bush's case from those he has actually carried out during his first term, the fundamental economic issue of this election involves the respective roles of work and saving—of labor and capital—in the economy we seek to create. Do we value and encourage one, or the other, or both? Do we look to income earned from one, or the other, or both, to pay for what we collectively undertake as a society, whether in waging war in Iraq or providing health care or education at home? Do we distribute economic rewards to those among us who happen to be

 

October 5, 2004: Bob Dylan's Chronicles: Vol. One was published today by Simon & Schuster. The book is the first in a series of Dylan’s autobiographical writings. Here is an excerpt  and an interview from Newsweek, and here’s Janet Maslin's review in today's NY Times.

 

It’s hard work!

 

October 1, 2004: Two days ago the Commerce Department announced that the GDP for the second quarter of this year was 3.3%, up from its earlier estimate of 2.8%.  Naturally, this evidence of greater than expected growth was cited as support for President Bush’s policies.  Of course, it is also -- as Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times three weeks ago, on September 10 – evidence supporting the wide spread belief that “the Bush administration routinely fakes even its short-term budget forecasts for the purposes of political spin”:

For example, back in February the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities accused the Bush administration of, in effect, playing three-card monte with budget forecasts. It pointed out that the administration's deficit forecast was far above those of independent analysts, and suggested that this exaggeration was deliberate.

"Overstating the 2004 deficit," the center wrote, "could allow the president to announce significant 'progress' on the deficit in late October - shortly before Election Day - when the Treasury Department announces the final figures."

Was this a wild accusation from a liberal think tank? No, it's conventional wisdom among experts. Two months ago Stanley Collender, a respected nonpartisan analyst, warned: "At some point over the next few weeks, the Office of Management and Budget will release the administration's midsession budget review and try to convince everyone the federal deficit is falling. Don't believe them."

He went on to echo the center's analysis. The administration's standard procedure, he said, is to initially issue an unrealistically high deficit forecast, which is "politically motivated or just plain bad." Then, when the actual number comes in below the forecast, officials declare that the deficit is falling, even though it's higher than the previous year's deficit.

September 30, 2004: The Bush and Kerry campaigns entered into a “memorandum of understanding” setting forth the rules governing tonight’s 90 minute, televised exchange of sound bites.  Excerpts of the agreed upon rules are set forth here. Among other rules, the candidates “may not ask each other direct questions.”  I’m beginning to wonder why we bother. 

According to an LA Times poll released on September 27, 2000, Bush led Gore by 48 percent to 42 percent.

And as long as we’re looking back four years, why not remember that immediately in the aftermath of his appointment by the Five Justices, Bush urged reconciliation and bipartishanship:

An hour after Vice President Gore telephoned Bush to concede defeat and delivered a gracious speech to the nation, Bush responded with a paean to the bipartisan--using the word three times and devoting much of his speech to calls for "common ground," "common sense," "common courtesy" and "common goals."

The House chamber in the 112-year-old pink granite building was dominated by a 30-foot Christmas tree, from which dangled a large ornament saying "PEACE, HOPE, JOY." It well could have been the title of Bush's speech.

"I am optimistic that we can change the tone in Washington, D.C.," the Texas governor declared. "I believe things happen for a reason. And I hope the long wait of the last five weeks will heighten a desire to move beyond the bitterness and partisanship of the recent past."

Contained within those words was a tacit acknowledgment of the difficult road ahead for Bush as he seeks to present himself as a unifying leader.

September 28, 2004: I get it! The Republicans don’t like the idea of actually counting votes.  What’s the point, after all?  We already have a president.

In Ohio - home, sweet battleground state - according to the Daily Kos, the Secretary of State, Republican Ken Blackwell, has ordered local election boards to reject voter registration applications and send out new applications to applicants who submitted applications on the wrong paper.  It seems that Ohio election law requires such applications to be on 80 lb. stock paper, a heavy card stock needed at the time the requirement was imposed to preserve the applications for years in file drawers.  Since the applications are now scanned for preservation, there is no point to the requirement.  The local election boards have been deluged with applications and cannot comply with Blackwell’s order before the deadline to register for November’s elections.   Blackwell is certainly busy trying to keep the number of voters down – he’s also issued an order to local election boards that “provisional ballots” will not be given to voters who show up at the wrong precinct on election day, an order that seems to fly in the face of the Help America Vote Act (“HAVA”), a 2002 statute enacted by Congress after the voting problems in the 2000 presidential election. HAVA encourages provisional ballots as a way to ensure voters aren't wrongly turned away at the polls because their registrations were misplaced or misfiled. In the 2002 Ohio gubernatorial election, 54,000 provisional ballots were cast, and election officials expect far more this year.

In Bush v. Gore, the five justices who chose our current President concluded that the Florida Supreme Court’s decision allowing different Florida counties to employ different recount procedures constituted a denial of equal protection: “[t]he question before the Court is not whether local entities, in the exercise of their expertise, may develop different systems for implementing elections. Instead, we are presented with a situation where a state court with the power to assure uniformity has ordered a statewide recount with minimal procedural safeguards. When a court orders a statewide remedy, there must be at least some assurance that the rudimentary requirements of equal treatment and fundamental fairness are satisfied.”  The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals’ reinstatement of a lawsuit filed by Florida representative Robert Wexler describes a situation in which brother Bush’s new voting machines seem to pose even greater inequities with respect to possible recount procedures: “Fifteen Florida counties use a paperless, touchscreen method of voting. . . . [T]hese touchscreen systems do not produce a paper record of votes. Accordingly, the fifteen counties where they are employed lack a manual recount procedure, which is available in Florida’s remaining fifty-two counties. In the federal claim, Plaintiffs allege this ‘non-uniform, differential standard’ violates their rights to due process and equal protection under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution.”

September 27, 2004: SCOTUSblog has posted the October 2004 Vanity Fair article by David Margolick detailing the events in late 2000 leading to the Supreme Court’s appointment of our current president.

According to Forbes Magazine, there are now 313 billionaires in America, up from 262 last year.  It’s the largest number of billionaires ever on Forbes’ list.

Joseph Epstein in the New York Review of Books: “Money is the mother's milk of American politics, the source of its bone and muscle. Citizens who might like to know how political money is raised in exchange for political favors, often against the public interest, should read The Hammer [Lou Dubose and Jan Reid, The Hammer: Tom DeLay: God, Money, and the Rise of the Republican Congress (Public Affairs, 2004)], a political profile of Tom DeLay, who from his safe Texas seat controls the House of Representatives and thus enough of the legislative agenda to reward and punish Washington's K Street lobbyists. These lobbyists supply the funds which DeLay directs to the congressional campaigns of candidates loyal to him, and in return accommodates special interests who then reward their lobbyists. The process by which lobbyists are enriched and DeLay's power is enhanced is simple, legal, and disgusting. Since the major media have not covered this story, The Hammer should be of interest to readers who want to know how the system actually works. “

James Carville: “Back in 2000 a Republican friend warned me that if I voted for Al Gore and he won, the stock market would tank, we'd lose millions of jobs, and our military would be totally overstretched. You know what? I did vote for Gore, he did win, and I'll be damned if all those things didn't come true!"

According to a study conducted by Kroll Security International on behalf of the U.S. Agency for International Development, recent attacks by insurgents in Iraq suggest a broad and intensifying campaign of violence that contrasts sharply with assessments by Bush administration officials and Iraq's interim prime minister that the instability is contained to small pockets of the country. Attacks over the past two weeks have killed more than 250 Iraqis and 29 U.S. military personnel, according to figures released by Iraq's Health Ministry and the Pentagon. Such attacks typically number about 70 each day. In contrast, 40 to 50 hostile incidents occurred daily during the weeks preceding the handover of political authority to an interim Iraqi government on June 28.

September 24, 2004: The U.S. House voted 247-173 yesterday to approve the so-called "Pledge Protection Act." The measure, H.R. 2028, bans all federal courts, including the U.S. Supreme Court, from considering constitutional challenges to the Pledge.   Interesting tactic – to overturn judicial interpretation of the First Amendment would require a constitutional amendment, but passing a constitutional amendment would be too difficult, so instead our august representatives have purported instead to strip the courts of jurisdiction to decide First Amendment matters pertaining to the Pledge.  The House is grandstanding, acting as if it can accomplish through indirect legislation what it isn’t permitted to accomplish directly.  While well-established precedent establishes that a state law requiring children to recite the Pledge is unconstitutional, if the “Pledge Protection Act” were taken at face value, no court could actually invalidate such a statute.  I’m sick of these empty gestures made for political purposes.  Is it possible for the House to be more cynical?

September 23, 2004: From the American Constitution Society for Law and Policy: “For the third time, environmental advocates have discovered passages in the Bush administration's proposal for regulating mercury pollution from power plants that mirror almost word for word portions of memos written by a law firm representing coal-fired power plants, The Washington Post reports. Sen. James M. Jeffords (I-Vt.) said the revelation that the EPA adopted the same wording as an industry source ‘no longer comes as much of a surprise.’”

September 22, 2004: The Iraq Body Count website now estimates that at least 12,800 and as many as 14,843 Iraqi civilians have been killed during the war and occupation.  And Juan Cole points out that “violence killed 300 Iraqis last week, the equivalent proportionately of 3,300 Americans. What if 3,300 Americans had died in car bombings, grenade and rocket attacks, machine gun spray, and aerial bombardment in the last week? That is a number greater than the deaths on September 11, and if America were Iraq, it would be an ongoing, weekly or monthly toll.”

Bill Moyers on why journalism matters.

September 9, 2004: Isabel Hilton in the Guardian: “As the drama of Beslan was entering its final hours, George Bush was bidding for re-election on the promise of security to the American people, a security premised on the willingness to use overwhelming military force. It was the same promise that Putin gave to the Russians and Ariel Sharon to the people of Israel. All three have used violence freely in pursuit of electoral reward: Sharon's provocative visit to the Temple of the Mount that triggered the second intifada, Putin's reckless adventurism in re-launching the Chechen war in 1999, and the Bush invasion of Iraq. None has produced the peace or security that was their justification; all have generated more violence and widened the circle of killing far beyond the formal engagement of armed men on both sides. Now the most likely victims are the poor and the helpless, as collateral damage, bombing casualties or hostages.”

Puppy shoots man!

September 7, 2004: Are we safer than we were on September 11? An NBC News analysis of Islamic terrorism since Sept. 11, 2001, shows that attacks are on the rise worldwide — dramatically.

What Partners Want From New Associates. 

September 3, 2004: Professor Mark Cooney of Thomas M. Cooley Law School addresses common misconceptions law students have about legal writing in practice:

Myth 7: It’s the reader’s fault if he or she misunderstands what you wrote.

When you start your first job as a summer clerk or lawyer, your bosses and co-workers will edit your work and suggest changes. You may feel a sting of disappointment, take offense, silently reject the criticism, or get defensive. You may try to explain to the reader that what you wrote really was clear. Don’t. Adopt the attitude that the customer is always right--and your reader is your customer. Accept and embrace feedback at work.

Remember that if what you wrote was truly clear and seamless, the reader wouldn’t have felt the urge to suggest a change. A reader rarely will pick up the red pen unless something needs attention. If your reader can’t follow what you’re saying, you didn’t write it well enough--period. So even if you don’t agree with a specific edit, you’re on notice that you need to do something to clean up your document. And you’ll learn from the feedback.

Even the world’s best writers have editors. Don’t reject edits. Address the problem and learn from the feedback. And when you’re editing your own writing on the job, always strive to keep your future customer happy. After all, your reader will be deciding your case or issuing your paycheck.

September 2, 2004: In 1972, in U.S. v. U.S. District Court, 407 U.S. 297, 315, the United States Supreme Court stated that "[t]he danger to political dissent is acute where the Government attempts to act under so vague a concept as the power to protect 'domestic security.' Given the difficulty of defining the domestic security interest, the danger of abuse in acting to protect that interest becomes apparent."  In 2004, The Bush Justice Department has blacked that quotation out of a complaint filed by the ACLU under regulations permitting it to redact from documents it releases those passages it believes pose too great a risk to national security. 

September 1, 2004: Adam Gopnik on interpreting war:

History does not offer lessons; its unique constellations of contingencies never repeat. But life does offer the same points, over and over again. A lesson is many-edged; a point has only one, but that one sharp. And the point we might still take from the First World War is the old one that wars are always, in Lincoln’s perfectly chosen word, astounding. They produce results that we can hardly imagine when they start. It is not that wars are always wrong. It is that wars are always wars, good for destroying things that must be destroyed, as in 1864 or 1944, but useless for doing anything more, and no good at all for doing cultural work: saving the national honor, proving that we’re not a second-rate power, avenging old humiliations, demonstrating resolve, or any of the rest of the empty vocabulary of self-improvement through mutual slaughter.

August 31, 2004: “[H]uman language is like a cracked kettledrum on which we beat out tunes for bears to dance to, when what we long to do is make music that will move the stars to pity."

August 30, 2004: Judge Richard Posner explains well an instance in which people act in a way contrary to law, but fails to point out that in his example, as is so often the case, this departure from the law is made possible by great wealth.  In short, if you’re wealthy enough to force someone to defend a lawsuit, even a lawsuit without merit, you’ll accomplish all or part of what you would if you were legally right:

Here is a very worrisome problem concerning fair use. It has to do with a dichotomy long noted by legal thinkers between the law on the books and the law in action. They often diverge. And fair use is an example of this divergence. As I said in an earlier posting, fair use often benefits rather than harms the copyright holder. However, it doesn’t always; moreover, even if a copyright holder is not going to lose, and is even going to gain, sales from a degree of unlicensed copying, if he thinks he can extract a license fee, he’ll want to claim that the copying is not fair use; and finally, because the doctrine has vague contours, copyright owners are inclined to interpret it very narrowly, lest it expand by increments.

The result is a systematic overclaiming of copyright, resulting in a misunderstanding of copyright’s breadth. Look at the copyright page in virtually any book, or the copyright notice at the beginning of a DVD or VHS film recording. The notice will almost always state that no part of the work can be reproduced without the publisher’s (or movie studio’s) permission. This is a flat denial of fair use. The reader or viewer who thumbs his nose at the copyright notice risks receiving a threatening letter from the copyright owner. He doesn’t know whether he will be sued, and because the fair use doctrine is vague, he may not be altogether confident about the outcome of the suit. . . .

Here’s a reductio ad absurdum of folding in the face of copyright overclaiming: “While interviewing students for a documentary about inner-city schools, a filmmaker accidentally captures a television playing in the background, in which you can just make out three seconds of an episode of ‘The Little Rascals.’ He can’t include the interview in his film unless he gets permission from the copyright holder to use the three seconds of TV footage. After dozens of phone calls to The Hal Roach Studios, he is passed along to a company lawyer who tells him that he can include the fleeting glimpse of Alfalfa in his nonprofit film, but only if he’s willing to pay $25,000. He can’t, and so he cuts the entire scene.” Jeffrey Rosen, “Mouse Trap: Disney’s Copyright Conquest,” New Republic, Oct. 28, 2002, p. 12 (emphasis added). Clearly, copying the three-second “fleeting glimpse” was fair use, but who knows how the studio would have responded if the filmmaker hadn’t cut the scene?

In a video originally posted on the Web by a pro-Kerry organization in Austin, Texas, Ben Barnes, a former lieutenant governor of Texas, apologized for his role in getting a young George W. Bush into the Texas Air National Guard while young men who were not from prominent or wealthy families "died in Vietnam."

August 25, 2004: I don’t always agree with him, and the whole subject is so disgusting I haven’t wanted to get anywhere near it, but Dick Feagler in today’s Plain Dealer puts it plain:

Many thought they had never seen America as divided as it was during the Vietnam War. But this is worse. Whether you like Kerry or not, he went and he served. He was in combat, and he was decorated for that. His opposition ducked Vietnam. The vice president got five deferments. The president flew away into the sky and missed the whole show. And yet we've spent the past three weeks examining whether Kerry earned his medals. Anybody who went to Vietnam earned his medals. The media got off to a slow start, but now the New York Times and the Washington Post have written stories saying that Kerry earned his. So what has diverted us for the last three weeks - diverted us away from a discussion of health care and Social Security and outsourcing? Another cleverly crafted lie. The liars dishonor the dead. They dishonor the soon-to-be dead. They dishonor America. They dishonored Max Cleland, who lost three limbs in Vietnam, by calling him unpatriotic. They dishonored John McCain by smearing him with racist nonsense. Cleland and McCain and Kerry fought in a war that should never have been fought. But they went. Our contempt should be saved for the guys who sign the order but don't go.

August 24, 2004: Jim Gill and Friends play this Saturday at 9pm at the Rose Theater in Medina, Ohio.

The Santa Barbara County Superior Court in California has a useful online glossary of legal terms.

An online handbook of figures of speech.

August 23, 2004: Ronald Dworkin on Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, Rumsfeld v. Padilla, and Rasul v. Bush:

The Supreme Court has finally and decisively rejected the Bush administration's outrageous claim that the President has the power to jail people he accuses of terrorist connections without access to lawyers or the outside world and without any possibility of significant review by courts or other judicial bodies. . . . But in the longer run, the Court's decisions might prove to have a more profound impact, because the justices' arguments provide the legal basis for a much more powerful conclusion than the Court itself drew—that the Constitution does not permit the government to hold suspected enemy combatants or terrorists indefinitely without charging and convicting them of crimes, according them all the traditional protections of our criminal law process, unless they are treated in effect as prisoners of war. They would then have the benefits and protections allowed by international law, including the Geneva Conventions.

August 21, 2004: Kieran Healy at Crooked Timber has a brilliant idea about classroom technology. J

 

August 20, 2004: More on the gender neutral pronoun problem.

                                               

Wired News reflects on and announces a change in its capitalization practices.

 

The World’s Worst Website!

 

August 19, 2004: The Secrets of Online Document Retrieval (for lawyers).

 

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit decided today in Metro-Goldwyn Mayer Studios v. Grokster (pdf) that distributors of peer-to-peer file-sharing computer networking software may not be held contributorily or vicariously liable for copyright infringements by users.

 

August 17, 2004: William J. Dwyer on persuasion during jury voir dire.

 

August 16, 2004: Judge Sam Sparks of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas recently entered an order in a case expressing his profound disgust with the attorneys representing the parties:

Be it remembered on the 21st day of July 2004 and the Court took time to make its daily review of the above-captioned case, and thereafter, enters the following:

When the undersigned accepted the appointment from the President of the United States of the position now held, he was ready to face the daily practice of law in federal courts with presumably competent lawyers. No one warned the undersigned that in many instances his responsibility would be the same as a person who supervised kindergarten. . . .

The Court simply wants to scream to these lawyers, "Get a life" or "Do you have any other cases?" or "When is the last time you registered for anger management classes?" Neither the world's problems nor this case will be determined by an answer to a counterclaim, which is four days late, even with the approval of the presiding judge.

If the lawyers in this case do not change, immediately, their manner of practice and start conducting themselves as competent to practice in the federal court, the Court will contemplate and may enter an order requiring the parties to obtain new counsel.
 

 

Tom Payne’s guide to book reviewer jargon.

 

Sam Harris in the LA Times:

President Bush and the Republicans in the Senate have failed — for the moment — to bring the Constitution into conformity with Judeo-Christian teachings. But even if they had passed a bill calling for a constitutional ban on gay marriage, that would have been only a beginning. Leviticus 20:13 and the New Testament book of Romans reveal that the God of the Bible doesn't merely disapprove of homosexuality; he specifically says homosexuals should be killed: "If a man lies with a male as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall be put to death.”

God also instructs us to murder people who work on the Sabbath, along with adulterers and children who curse their parents. While they're at it, members of Congress might want to reconsider the 13th Amendment, because it turns out that God approves of slavery — unless a master beats his slave so severely that he loses an eye or teeth, in which case Exodus 21 tells us he must be freed.

What should we conclude from all this? That whatever their import to people of faith, ancient religious texts shouldn't form the basis of social policy in the 21st century. The Bible was written at a time when people thought the Earth was flat, when the wheelbarrow was high tech. Are its teachings applicable to the challenges we now face as a global civilization?

 

August 13, 2004: The Genius Of Language, edited by Wendy Lesser, collects essays by fifteen writers whose first language was one other than English but who now write in English.  "I live on," writes Ha-yun Jung, "not feeling whole in Korean or in English. For me, one language is complementary to the other, one always lacking a capacity that the other has. And I have a fear, constantly, of not quite being understood in just one language: Do you know what I am trying to say? Do you know who I am?"

 

August 11, 2004: After Babel, a new common tongue:

In the 17th century, educated people across central Europe could still communicate with each other in Latin. By the mid-19th century, the handiest language for a traveller through Mitteleuropa was the German spoken by the Habsburg monarchs who reigned over Hungarians, Czechs and many others. A little more than 100 years later, the dominant tongue was Russian.

Now the region's new language of choice for the 21st century is percolating upwards through the education system, and downwards from the business and political elite. It will be English, studied by three out of four secondary-school pupils from the Baltic to the Balkans.

 

From Crooked Timber:

“If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear.” So said George Orwell, in a quote adopted by British blog Harry’s Place. It is a quote worth recalling in the light of the decision of the Iraqi government to close down Al Jazeera’s Baghdad offices for a month.

July 29, 2004: From Snopes.com, the explanation from George H.W. Bush and Brent Scowcroft for their decision in 1991 not to overthrow Saddam Hussein:

Trying to eliminate Saddam, extending the ground war into an occupation of Iraq, would have violated our guideline about not changing objectives in midstream, engaging in "mission creep," and would have incurred incalculable human and political costs. Apprehending him was probably impossible. We had been unable to find Noriega in Panama, which we knew intimately. We would have been forced to occupy Baghdad and, in effect, rule Iraq. The coalition would instantly have collapsed, the Arabs deserting it in anger and other allies pulling out as well. Under the circumstances, there was no viable "exit strategy" we could see, violating another of our principles. Furthermore, we had been self-consciously trying to set a pattern for handling aggression in the post-Cold War world. Going in and occupying Iraq, thus unilaterally exceeding the United Nations' mandate, would have destroyed the precedent of international response to aggression that we hoped to establish. Had we gone the invasion route, the United States could conceivably still be an occupying power in a bitterly hostile land. It would have been a dramatically different — and perhaps barren — outcome.

July 28, 2004: An edited extract from The Economics of Innocent Fraud: Truth for Our Time, by JK Galbraith:

As the corporate interest moves to power in what was the public sector, it serves the corporate interest. It is most clearly evident in the largest such movement, that of nominally private firms into the defence establishment. From this comes a primary influence on the military budget, on foreign policy, military commitment and, ultimately, military action. War. Although this is a normal and expected use of money and its power, the full effect is disguised by almost all conventional expression.

Given its authority in the modern corporation it was natural that management would extend its role to politics and to government. Once there was the public reach of capitalism; now it is that of corporate management. In the US, corporate managers are in close alliance with the president, the vice-president and the secretary of defence. Major corporate figures are also in senior positions elsewhere in the federal government; one came from the bankrupt and thieving Enron to preside over the army.

Defence and weapons development are motivating forces in foreign policy. For some years, there has also been recognised corporate control of the Treasury. And of environmental policy.

July 20, 2004: Jon Stewart explains, with video, how it is we know I’m an “out of the mainstream liberal who revels in hate-fests.” (click on “Conventional Wisdom”)

 Arianna Huffington on the Republican mantra that John Kerry is a flip-flopper:

“Senator Kerry has been in Washington long enough to take both sides on just about every issue,” chided Bush at a spring fundraiser. “My opponent clearly has strong beliefs, they just don’t last very long.” Ba-da-bum! (Incidentally, how is this consistent with Bush’s other contention, that Kerry is a rock-ribbed liberal?)

Or as Dick “Not Peaches and Cream” Cheney ominously put it at a Republican fundraiser: “These are not times for leaders who shift with the political winds, saying one thing one day and another the next.”

I couldn’t f---ing agree more, Mr. Cheney. But it’s your man George W. who can’t seem to pick a position and stick to it. He’s reversed course more times than Capt. Kirk battling Khan in the midst of the Mutara Nebula. Gone back on his word more times than Tony Blundetto. Flip-flopped more frequently than a blind gymnast with an inner-ear infection.

The list of Bush major policy U-turns is as audacious as it is long. Among the whiplash-inducing lowlights:

In September 2001, Bush said capturing bin Laden was “our number one priority.” By March 2002, he was claiming, “I don’t know where he is. I have no idea and I really don’t care. It’s not that important.”

In October 2001, he was dead-set against the need for a Department of Homeland Security. Seven months later, he thought it was a great idea.

In May 2002, he opposed the creation of the 9/11 Commission. Four months later, he supported it.

During the 2000 campaign, he said that gay marriage was a states’ rights issue: “The states can do what they want to do.” During the 2004 campaign, he called for a constitutional ban on gay marriage.

Dizzy yet? No? OK:

Bush supported CO2 caps, then opposed them. He opposed trade tariffs, then he didn’t. Then he did again. He was against nation building, then he was OK with it. We’d found WMD, then we hadn’t. Saddam was linked to Osama, then he wasn’t. Then he was … sorta. Chalabi was in, then he was out. Way out.

In fact, Bush’s entire Iraq misadventure has been one big costly, deadly flip-flop:

We didn’t need more troops, then we did. We didn’t need more money, then we did. Preemption was a great idea — on to Syria, Iran and North Korea! Then it wasn’t — hello, diplomacy! Baathists were the bad guys, then Baathists were our buds. We didn’t need the U.N., then we did.

And all this from a man who, once upon a time, made “credibility” a key to his appeal.

Now, God knows, I have no problem with changing your mind — so long as you admit that you have and can explain why. But Bush steadfastly — almost comically — refuses to admit that there’s been a change, even when the entire world can plainly see otherwise. He’s got his story and he’s sticking to it. But that darn Kerry, he keeps shifting his positions!

From Undernews, more on how the Republicans merely hammer on their talking points over and over and over until their audience is convinced Kerry and Edwards are “liberals” who are “out of the mainstream.”

From the Toronto Globe and Mail, concerning the Bush administration’s plans to postpone the U.S. election on Nov. 2 should there be a terrorist attack on or near that date, this reminder: “When it was suggested that he postpone the 1864 election because there was a civil war on, [Abraham Lincoln] responded, ‘We cannot have a free government without elections. If the rebellion could force us to forgo, or postpone, a national election, it might fairly claim to have already conquered us.’” 

David Greenberg in the New Yorker:

Bush has not been shy about displaying his faith. Shortly after September 11, 2001, the President came across Proverbs 21:15: “When justice is done, it brings joy to the righteous but terror to evildoers.” Soon, “evildoers” became his favorite term for Al Qaeda. Bush’s speechwriter, Michael Gerson, himself an evangelical, laces the President’s addresses with seemingly innocuous terms that the devout recognize as laden with meaning: “whirlwind,” “work of mercy,” “safely home,” “wonder-working power.” Phillips refers to a study by the religion scholar Bruce Lincoln, who identified, in Bush’s speech to Congress announcing the invasion of Afghanistan, allusions to Revelation, Isaiah, Job, Matthew, and Jeremiah. In private, Bush has been even more explicit. “George sees this as a religious war,” a family member told the Schweizers. “He doesn’t have a p.c. view of this war. His view of this is that they are trying to kill the Christians. And we the Christians will strike back with more force and more ferocity than they will ever know.” Phillips says that Bush has spoken of himself as an instrument of divine will.

But what’s wrong with an infusion of religion into Presidential speeches or even policy? The Founders may have believed in a separation between church and state, but the Constitution’s secularism doesn’t prevent a President from drawing on his religious beliefs in making decisions. Nor has Bush somehow “imposed” his faith on others, however alienating some may find his spiritual language to be. The problem lies, rather, in the specific ways in which Bush uses religion. Abraham Lincoln, in his second Inaugural address, invoked God, but he did so in a spirit of humility, questioning his own certitude and thus inviting further questioning. Bush does the opposite: his use of religion seems designed to remove any doubt—first in his own mind, then in the public’s—about his course. It doesn’t assist Bush with his reasoning; it substitutes for reasoning. Instead of providing a starting point for careful judgments, it assures him that the instincts on which he has based his policy are unerring.

July 15, 2004: This administration really does believe that selling off public assets to the highest bidder is in the public interest::

 

On Monday, Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman announced a Bush administration plan to scrap the hard-won Clinton-era “roadless rule”—a move that Phil Clapp, president of National Environmental Trust, ranks as “one of the top five biggest attacks on the environment since the Bush administration set foot in the White House, not to mention the single biggest giveaway to the timber industry in the history of the national forests.”

The roadless rule, implemented in the final month of the Clinton administration, protects the last remaining untouched wilderness in the American national-forest system—roughly 60 million of the 190 million acres of national forest—from mining, drilling, and development. It preserves fish and wildlife habitat and vital watersheds for drinking water. The rule was developed via a process that lasted more than a year, included 600 public meetings, and drew a staggering 2.2 million public comments, more than 90 percent of which were favorable. “We produced the most popular environmental initiative in recorded history,” said Jim Furnish, who oversaw the rule’s development as deputy chief of the U.S. Forest Service under Clinton. “But it’s been on the Bush administration’s hit list from Day One.”

 

Maybe after all Paul Krugman was wrong when he suggested, referring to the U.S. sale of Iraq’s assets to private interests before sovereignty was transferred (much less democracy established), that a democratically elected government couldn’t get away with such behavior:

 

Conservatives make a fetish out of privatization of government functions; after the 2002 elections, President George W. Bush announced plans to privatize up to 850,000 federal jobs. At home, wary of a public backlash, he has moved slowly on that goal. But in Iraq, where there is little public or congressional oversight, the administration has privatized everything in sight.

For example, the Pentagon has a well-established procurement office for gasoline. In Iraq, however, that job was subcontracted to Halliburton. The U.S. government has many experts in economic development and reform. But in Iraq, economic planning has been subcontracted - after a highly questionable bidding procedure - to BearingPoint, a consulting firm with close ties to Jeb Bush, governor of Florida and the president’s brother.

What’s truly shocking in Iraq, however, is the privatization of purely military functions.

 

July 14, 2004: Jim Gill and Friends are outstanding local musicians and people.  Jim writes their songs and plays guitar, and J and Ted are wonderful on percussion and, well, everything, respectively.  You can listen to some clips and buy their albums here.

July 6, 2004: Anthony Lewis on the torture memos:

Reading through the memoranda written by Bush administration lawyers on how prisoners of the "war on terror" can be treated is a strange experience. The memos read like the advice of a mob lawyer to a mafia don on how to skirt the law and stay out of prison. Avoiding prosecution is literally a theme of the memoranda. Americans who put physical pressure on captives can escape punishment if they can show that they did not have an "intent" to cause "severe physical or mental pain or suffering." And "a defendant could negate a showing of specific intent...by showing that he had acted in good faith that his conduct would not amount to the acts prohibited by the statute."

In criticizing the film Troy, Daniel Mendelsohn usefully reminds of the distinction Aristotle drew between a recitation of events and a story:

For Aristotle, a poem consisting of lots of little doings nominally linked by chronology ("everything leading up to the Trojan War," say, or "everything that happened after Achilles died") was one that . . . was little more than a boring catalog. A plot, by contrast, is what the Iliad has. For all its great length, the poem is precisely about what is proposed, in its famous opening line, as its subject matter: the wrath of Achilles, its origins, its enactment, its consequences. (So too the Odyssey, whose concomitant episodes all refract what it, in its famous opening line, purports to be about: the "man of many turnings who wandered wide": no part of the poem does not illuminate his cleverness, his yearning for home, his humanity.) To be sure, Achilles' rage, as it plays itself out through the poem's twenty-four books, sheds light on a vast host of issues: the meaning of heroism, the nature of war and of peace, the sweetness and bitterness of human life. But the Iliad is able to illuminate so much precisely because of its searing focus on one praxis, which is what gives it its awesome weight and terrible grandeur. Which is to say, what makes it truly big, truly "epic."

June 24, 2004: Linguists have chosen "ilunga," from the Tshiluba language spoken in the south-eastern portion of the Democratic Republic of Congo, as the world’s most difficult word to translate. They say it means "a person who is ready to forgive any abuse for the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time," but who outside of Congo can really tell?

 

June 15, 2004: Kieran Healy on the torture memos.

 

June 14, 2004: The Supreme Court avoided deciding whether “under God” in the Pledge of Allegience does or does not violate the First Amendment, determining instead that Ira Newdow does not have the right to sue on behalf of his daughter because, although “Sandra Banning, the mother of Newdow’s daughter,” and Newdow share “‘physical custody’ of their daughter, . . .  a state-court order granted [Ms. Banning] ‘exclusive legal custody’ of the child, including the sole right to represent [the daughter’s] legal interests and make all decision[s] about her education and welfare.” (citations to record omitted.)  As Justice Stevens wrote in the opinion of the Court: “When hard questions of domestic relations are sure to affect the outcome, the prudent course is for the federal court to stay its hand rather than reach out to resolve a weighty question of federal constitutional law.”

 

Miami University law professor Michael Froomkin writes on his blog about the 2002 Department of Justice memorandum that advised torture of prisoners could be justified and presented such a narrow definition of torture that the treatment "must be equivalent in intensity to the pain accompanying serious physical injury, such as organ failure, impairment of bodily function, or even death":

 

“Ultimately, the best legal commentary on this memo may belong to Professor Jay Leno: ‘According to the New York Times, last year White House lawyers concluded that President Bush could legally order interrogators to torture and even kill people in the interest of national security - so if that’s legal, what the hell are we charging Saddam Hussein with?’ Remember: the lawyers who wrote this memo were guilty of a lack of moral sense, and extreme tunnel vision fueled by a national panic. The people who asked them to write it, who read it, and especially any who may have acted on it — they’re people who really have the most to answer for.”

 

June 10, 2004: Alan Berlow writes in The Atlantic that as the legal counsel to Texas Governor George W. Bush, Alberto R. Gonzales—now the White House counsel, and widely regarded as a likely future Supreme Court nominee—prepared fifty-seven confidential death-penalty memoranda for Bush's review. Never before discussed publicly, the memoranda suggest that Gonzales repeatedly failed to apprise Bush of some of the most salient issues in the cases at hand.

June 7, 2004: Michael Quinion examines the stories that surround English words and phrases - and explains the truth behind them.

June 4, 2004: Leon Wieseltier writes intelligently about argument by analogy: “This is wartime, which is no time to be soft. The terrorists are tough, and so we must be tough. I am feeling tough, and toughly I feel also that too many children are being killed by the right side in this war, by my side, by Americans and by Israelis, in whose actions I am differently and willingly implicated. It is not all the same war, of course, unless one accepts the Bush administration's reduction of all our enemies into one enemy, a simplification better suited to sermons than strategies.”

John Ashcroft’s Justice Department might think that its one-sided evidence regarding Jose Padilla’s alleged terrorism plans justifies depriving him of constitutional rights, but as Dahlia Lithwick writes, those constitutional rights make it a whole lot more likely the government has the right guy and that he’s guilty of what it accuses him of:

“The U.S. Constitution didn't simply hatch out of an egg one morning. Like the Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights was largely conceived to correct for failures of earlier systems. In 1603 Sir Walter Raleigh was tried for treason and not permitted to cross-examine his accuser. This, it turns out, engendered unreliable evidence. The Sixth Amendment's confrontation clause was the constitutional remedy for this problem. Unremitting and unwanted prosecutorial interrogation could lead to false confessions. This made for unreliable evidence. The Fifth Amendment was, in part, the constitutional remedy for this. Years of delay prior to trials degraded evidence. The Sixth Amendment's right to a speedy trial was the constitutional remedy for this. Indefinite government detention without charges led to innocent men languishing in prison without recourse. The right to habeas corpus is thus codified in Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution to remedy this. We sometimes forget that the purpose of these and other constitutional protections is not only to let guilty guys roam free (attractive though that prospect may seem), the purpose is also to protect the quality of the evidence used in criminal trials. A conviction based on a tortured confession isn't justice. It's theater.”

June 1, 2004: Bill McKibben, in reviewing several books on environmental policy, writes:

“Two of the books under review, Bush Versus the Environment and Strategic Ignorance, include climate and energy policy as one example of many in a catalog of administration environmental follies. But it must be said that criticizing Bush's policies on the environment is depressingly easy to do. For more than three years now, day after day and week after week, a small circle of political appointees at the EPA, the Forest Service, the Interior Department, and the Department of Agriculture have proceeded methodically to wreck the system of environmental oversight that dates back to the Nixon administration. Apart from their silence on global warming, they have overturned rule after regulation, largely ceased enforcement actions concerning pollution of the atmosphere and water, and reined in inspectors. Their work is not inspired by a grand ideological vision—it's not like Bush's foreign policy, say, with its idea of America dominating the world. Instead it's institutionalized corruption: a steady payback to the logging, mining, corporate farming, fossil fuel, and other industries that contributed heavily to put Bush in power.

“The scale of this assault on the environment is so large as to be numbing. With a hundred battles occurring simultaneously and without a majority in either chamber of Congress to hold hearings or issue subpoenas, the environmental movement has been almost paralyzed. In Congress and the administration, loss has followed loss in such steady succession that even the most conventional environmentalists, usually bipartisan to a fault and reluctant to jump into electoral politics, now find themselves with a single goal: defeating Bush in November.”

May 19, 2004: Lawyers running opposition research: a BBC documentary titled Digging the Dirt, which was filmed during the 2000 campaign and never aired in the United States, centers on a team of Republican opposition researchers —a species that has existed in politics for eons but had recently undergone an evolutionary leap. From deep within the Republican National Committee headquarters the BBC tracked the efforts of this team, whose job it was to discredit and destroy Al Gore.

May 12, 2004: From Chris, of Crooked Timber:Following recommendations from a number of CT readers, I watched Wim Wenders’s beautiful Der Himmel über Berlin (Wings of Desire) on DVD last night. Ausgezeichnet! (or, maybe, splendid! ). No doubt everyone but me has seen it already, but I don’t want to spoil it for those who haven’t, so, by way of recommendation, I’ll just say that some lines from Dennis Potter’s final interview came into my head whilst watching it, and have stayed there. Potter, facing death from cancer, spoke thusly:

“I can celebrate life. Below my window there’s an apple tree in blossom. It’s white. And looking at it — instead of saying, ‘Oh, that’s a nice blossom’ — now, looking at it through the window, I see the whitest, frothiest, blossomest blossom that there ever could be. The nowness of everything is absolutely wondrous. If you see the present tense — boy, do you see it. And boy, do you celebrate it.”

April 27, 2004: Cass R. Sunstein on Brown v. Board of Education:

Was Brown, then, a failure? Suppose that this is the real meaning of the Court’s decision: states may not, by law, separate citizens from one another by race, simply because forcible separation imposes a kind of stigma, or second-class citizenship, that offends the most minimal understanding of human equality. It is one thing to attend all-black schools. It is quite another to live under a legal system that announces, on a daily basis, that some children are not fit to be educated with others. Brown ruled that, under the Constitution, states may not humiliate a class of people in that way. It may have taken a while, but this ruling, at least, has stuck. And on the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary it justifies a celebration.

But it does not justify triumphalism. Brown v. Board, despite the unanimity of the decision, was the product of a divided Supreme Court and a divided nation. Its current meaning is up to us, not to previous generations or even to the Court that decided it. Cautious as that Court’s justices were, Klarman notes a significant generational fact: nearly all of its clerks were in favor of overturning Plessy. The one evident exception was a clerk in Jackson’s chambers, a Stanford-trained lawyer who had grown up in Milwaukee. His name was William H. Rehnquist.

April 23, 2004: Scheherazade on billable hours.

 

April 22, 2004: Stupid me: The Anonymous Lawyer states right there on top that he’s fictional.  I did take his post as hyperbolic venting (no one could work at a place so entirely devoid of human feeling, could he?), but I took him to be real too.  Live and learn.

 

David Kipen - in reviewing Lawrence Lessig’s new book, Free Culture - writes in the San Francisco Chronicle that “[j]ust last week, Canadian courts declared file-sharing as good as legal in that country. And this past weekend, a Harvard study found that services such as Napster and Kazaa have little or nothing to do with cratering CD sales figures, and may even be preventing those figures from falling further. Rather than cannibalizing music profits, the Internet may actually be propping them up.”

 

April 21, 2004: The Anonymous Lawyer’s April 19 entry is one every attorney should read and consider.

 

April 20, 2004: McSweeney’s Daily Reasons to Dispatch Bush are refreshingly factual and well sourced.  Here’s Day One:

The Bush Administration's "Clear Skies Initiative," announced in 2002, allows 125 percent more sulfur dioxide, 68 percent more nitrogen oxide, and 420 percent more mercury air pollution than existing laws.

(Source: "The Bush Administrations's Air Pollution Plan Hurts Public Heath, Helps Big Polluters, Worsens Global Warming," a report published by 14 nonprofit organizations, including the American Lung Association, Physicians for Social Responsibility, the Sierra Club, and the League of Conservation Voters, February 2003)

The report can be found online at www.nrdc.org/air/pollution/fclearsk.asp.

April 19, 2004: Michael J. Glennon writes in the Wilson Quarterly on Marbury v. Madison, the “most monumental case ever decided by any court in any country.”

 

Lawrence Lessig’s new book, Free Culture, is available for free for non-commercial purposes.

 

April 14, 2004: Okay, Deborah Skinner was not brought up in a “Skinner Box,” but rather than being swaddled by blankets in a crib she writes that she was placed for the first two-and-a-half years of her life in a glass box in which she “luxuriated semi-naked in warm, humidified air. The air was filtered but not germ-free, and when the glass front was lowered into place, the noise from me and from my parents and sister was dampened, not silenced.”

 

April 13, 2004: Jonathan Schell writes: “Instead of saying, ‘On June 30, the Coalition will hand over sovereignty to the Iraqi people,’ we should say, ‘On June 30, the re-election campaign of George W. Bush will hand over the appearance of responsibility for the rapidly deteriorating situation in Iraq to certain of its local appointees.’”

April 8, 2004: The Observer has obtained a remarkable email sent to the press secretaries of all Republican congressmen advising them what to say when questioned on the environment in the run-up to November's election. The advice: tell them everything's rosy:

“It tells them how global warming has not been proved, air quality is 'getting better', the world's forests are 'spreading, not deadening', oil reserves are 'increasing, not decreasing', and the 'world's water is cleaner and reaching more people'. “

How do you prepare a great oral argument? Practice, practice, practice.

 

Dr. Dave has just the facts.  Among them are the following:

 

-Percentage of Americans who will save less than $100 on their 2006 federal taxes as a result of the 2003 tax cut: 88

 

-Average amount these Americans will save: $4

 

April 7, 2004: The results of Normblog’s poll asking for the best loved Bob Dylan songs.

 

April 3, 2004: Leon Wieseltier on the Pledge case: “[W]hat kind of friendship for religion is it that insists that the words "under God" have no religious connotation? A political friendship, is the answer. And that is precisely the kind of friendship that the Bush administration exhibited in its awful defense of the theistic diction of the Pledge.”

 

April 1, 2004: Iraq Today is an English Iraqi newspaper started by an Iraqi-American journalist named Hassan Fattah soon after Baghdad fell.  A recent editorial explains why “the story of Iraq is filled with both good news and bad. With each new day, the good news gets better and the bad gets worse.” 

 

March 31, 2004: This administration and its political allies seems addicted to the claim that actions they are compelled by circumstances to take should not be held against their avowed principles.  Now there’s the White House’s insistence that the 9/11 Commission “must agree in writing that [Condoleeza] Rice’s testimony before the Commission does not set any precedent for future Commission requests, or requests in any other context, for testimony by a National Security Advisor or any other White House official.”  Most notoriously the five Supreme Court justices who decided Bush v. Gore wrote that stare decisis wouldn't inhere in one and only one court decision, Bush v. Gore, which happened to turn on an equal protection analysis those five had never found convincing when applied to matters like racial differences: "Our consideration is limited to the present circumstances, for the problem of equal protection in election processes generally presents many complexities.” (emphasis added.)  The problem with this reasoning is that wishing doesn’t make it so.  To the extent actions are supposed to constrain future practice (and it is inherent in our judicial process that courts are bound by their earlier decisions unless there are good reasons found in the subsequent cases not to), they will, even if the actor doesn’t want them to.

 

March 30, 2004:  From The Plain English Campaign, the ten most irritating phrases:

(1)      At the end of the day

(2)      At this moment in time

(3)      Like

(4)      With all due respect

(5)      To be honest

(6)      Touch base

(7)      I hear what you’re saying

(8)      Going forward

(9)      Absolutely

(10)  Blue Sky Thinking

     In an interview from NewScientist.com, architect Michael McDonough explains why he takes nature as a model for human design:

“Why do you want to redesign the world? “

“Consider this: all the ants on the planet, taken together, have a biomass greater than that of humans. Ants have been incredibly industrious for millions of years, yet their productiveness nourishes plants, animals and soil. Human industry has been in full swing for little more than a century, yet it has brought about a decline in almost every ecosystem on the planet. Nature doesn't have a design problem. People do. The endgame appears to have been to create a world in which we have no real idea of the effects of the chemicals we're using, on us or the environment, combined with the large-scale and inequitable use of natural resources. But that was then - people thought they were doing the right thing. Today is another day.”

March 29, 2004: Ellen Goodman gets right to the nub of the Pledge of Allegience case.

 

   Steven Weingberg in his examination of President Bush’s “New Vision for Space Exploration” concludes that it doesn’t make much sense to send people into space.

 

     How military phrases – including the latest, “hair on fire,” – infiltrate everyday speech.

 

March 26, 2004: The Smoking Gun has Donald Trump’s application for a trademark on the phrase “You’re Fired”.  The Legal Information Institute has an overview of trademark law.

 

March 25, 2004: From The Guardian: “A British theatre group is to hold an unprecedented casting call for its next production. The experimental company requires a dead body to take a leading role in its latest show. The consent of the donor of the body is being sought beforehand and the production team aim to treat the subject of death with absolute seriousness, challenging modern taboos about a condition that comes to everybody at some point. Called Dead: You Will Be, the play requires a dead body to 'lie in state' throughout the proceedings. The appeal comes on the heels of other plans to bring dead bodies into the public arena. The Science Museum is planning to display a decomposing body in its adults-only wing. . . . [The theatre group’s director] explained this increased interest as a reaction to the fact that Western cultures have 'grown unaccustomed to death in the flesh. We have become de-sensitised to images of death and dying in the media,' she added. 'The use of a body in this piece is integral to the direct confrontation of the issues that 1157 want to encourage in the audience and the company and will, we hope, reawaken a collective response to our inevitable fates.'”

 

I’m reminded of Richard Clarke’s memories of September 11 as recounted during his by now notorious 60 Minutes interview: